Tag Archives: dailylife

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Religious Believes

September 18, 2015 sedefi968

Religious Beliefs

Sedef Iz

Who was the God Osiris and what did he do?

Osiris of the underworld, ruler of the dead
Assisted by other Gods
The greatest God ever
Determined fate of the dead people
Grants everlasting afterlife if heart equals to an ostrich feather in weight

What different parts do some of the Gods have instead of human and what they do?

Anubis had the head of a Jackal but a body of a human
Anubis was believed to prepare dead bodies of the afterlife
Thoth had the head of an Ibis and a human body
Thoth was the God of writing and knowledge
Horus had a human body and a falcon head
Horus was the God of the sky

How come only certain people were able to visit the Gods temples?

Gods lived their
Only during few selected occasions people were able to see the outside
God statues are brought to be seen by every on holidays
Smaller temples are made for the commoners

Where did Egyptian commoners put the offerings?

Commoners gave land, food, and care to the gods in a certain place in their house
In an offering holder
For return of their offerings they prayed for the gods protection
They honored gods for, having children, and keeping spirits away

Picture Credits:

http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/moses1.jpg

http://automaticfreeweb.com/wp-content/uploads/osiris.jpg

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Daily Life- Music and Dance

September 18, 2015 adenl812

Daily Life Music and Dance

Aden Lemma

When would they sing and dance?

Music was performed on every day occasions
They had public festivals where everyone would be entertained
They would also sing to worship there god

How would they play?

They would play harps (usually played by woman), flutes, sistrum, and timbrel
They would use clapping or beats
Music and dance was also used by temple priest
The priest wives would be singers and dancers because they live in the temple with the priest
Cult singers can be men and woman

What would they dance?

The dances would be very athletic with many gymnastics in it
They would dance ballet
But the men with the man and the woman with the woman

When would they dance?

There are specific dances that were meant for different things
They would dance for funerals
They dance in Festivals

Citation

(Images) http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/music.htm . 9/16/15. Web
Book: Hart, George. Ancient Egypt. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1990. Print

Website: Stela of King Wahankh Intef II M. Lichtheim. Ancient Egyptian Dance and Music. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/music.htm 9/15/15. Web

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Daily Life – Food & Drink

September 18, 2015 chrisb523

Daily Life – Food and Drink

Chris Butulis

How the Egyptians got their foods:

Farmers had cattle and some people hunted wild animals to get meats.
Raising animals for meat was expensive.
Most of the Egyptians were farmers at a point, so they gathered food to sell at the market.
Around 90 percent of the Egyptians were farmers, so they could get their food from farming.
Some people gathered wild plants to supplement their diets.

What the Egyptians ate:

Upper class families had a variety of foods to eat including fish, pigeon stew, quail, ribs, rolls, cakes, some fruits, stewed figs, cheese, wine and beer.
Lower classes meals included a smaller variety of foods including vegetables, fish, bread, and water or beer.
Malnutrition was not a rare occurrence among the lower classes.
The upper and lower class Egyptians drank milk form their cows.

Crops and Animals:

Two of the most important crops were wheat and barley, which were used to make bread and beer.
Farmers also grew vegetables including onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers, and lettuce.
The Egyptians raised cattle for meat and milk and a few other animals like sheep

How Egyptians planted:

One farmer scattered seeds and another farmer followed up with a plow.
In November farmers sowed their fields in pairs.
Egyptians harvested some of their crops with sickles
The animals were fed some of the grown wheat.

Citations

(Image). http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/gif-still/farmers.gif.9/16/15.Web.

(Image).http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/topics.jpg.9/16/15.Web.

Dollinger André. An introduction to the history and culture of Pharaonic Egypt.http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html.9/16/15.Web

Carlos Museum of Emory University.Egypt. http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/homepg.html.9/16/15.Web.

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Housing

September 18, 2015 matthews982

Ancient Egyptian houses

Matthew Stone

what were Ancient Egyptians cities like

. Most of the cities had houses close together ancient egypt pic 2

. They would have big important people’s houses in different cities and small houses in other cities

. Sometimes the bi houses would have small houses wedged in between them

. Most all of the houses were in the Nile valley so that they would not be in the middle of the desert and could get water

. The villages also weren’t too close to the water so that the indentation would not destroy them

what was a normal ancient Egyptian house

. Some of the richer houses had plaster and paint covering the mud bricks

. The temples and tombs were built from stone

. The mud bricks were made by the workers that dug it up from the Nile valley

. Then they would shape the Nile mud and dry it in the sun

what type of furniture and house supplies did they have

.The rich houses had a lot of furniture the poor had dual houses

.The rich houses would sometimes have a pool, kitchen, or a second floor

.They had pots, stools, tables, and beds

. The furniture would differ a lot between the lower class and upper class

. The lower class had one bathroom the upper had multiple seated bathrooms

Web resources

[Image] http://www.ask-aladdin.com/ancient-egypt/houses-ancient-egypt.htmll9/16/15.web.

[Image]http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collections-research/collections/topics/ancient-egypt-at-auckland-museum.9/16/15.web.

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Daily Life- Social Classes

September 18, 2015 ryanc212

Daily life of Egypt Project- Social Classes

Ryan Chase

1^st Class

The first class consisted of the royal family and the Pharaoh.

The Pharaoh was in charge of everything. His family was very important too because they are going to be the next Pharaohs.

The Pharaoh was the one that all the Egyptians believed to talk to the Gods and made the sun rise and set.

2^nd Class

The second class consisted of all the people that helped the Pharaoh these people were Priests, Military officials, Tax collectors and Powerful Nome’s.

The Priest’s job was to perform special rituals at temples because the Pharaoh can’t be at all of them.

The Military officials were important because their job was to command the Egyptian army. The generals traveled with the Army and were the ones that invaded other territories. Since the Military official was out a lot he left the house to his family.

The Tax Collector’s job was to go around to houses and collect the taxes for the Pharaoh. He was also in charge of all the Grain and keeping in a journal how much there was to be able to distribute.

The powerful Nome’s went around and did the Pharaohs biddings by traveling and checking in on things.

All the people in the second class were rich, had servants and had big houses.

3^rd class

The third class consisted of all the Scribes, Skilled Workers, Potters, Craftsman and Builders.

The Scribes had to go to a school just to become a scribe. It was so hard to graduate that only 1% of Egyptians were Scribes. So imagine how hard it was to become a Pharaoh! The Scribe’s had jobs as historic note takers and accountants. The Scribes lived in moderate houses the houses were worse than the second class but better than the fourth class.

The Craftsman and other Skilled Workers had their own business selling what they make. The better you were the more money you could make. If you were good at your job you would sell what you make to the second and first class people. If you were ok you would sell it to the third and the fourth class people. The Craftsman and Skilled Workers lived in houses like the Scribes but there houses were different because they need space to build what they sold.

These third class people relied on the fourth class people to make the crops so that they can trade with them to feed their family since they didn’t have any crops to make.

4^th Class

The fourth class people were the farmers.That is where most people made a job in Egypt. But don’t think these people aren’t important!

The farmers are what makes Egypt up because they make all the food for the civilization. They use the Nile’s water to fertilize their soil. They mostly grew grain and some other kinds of crops.

The farmer’s houses were the second lowest houses, besides the slaves. They didn’t have a lot of money to spend.

The slaves were lower than the farmers because they didn’t have to know how to do anything but get and do instructions. So they had no money and had to share houses.

The museum of Emory University .Odysey.Odyesey of Egypt.http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/scribes.html.9/15/15.Web

Delliver Dogan Enterprises.PBS. PBS Kids.http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/lifeas/nobleman.html.9/15/15.Web

(Image)<http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/people.html>9/15/15.Web.

(Image http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/newkingdom/priests.html> 9/15/15.Web.

Jaquelin Morley. How Would You Survive as an Ancient Egyptian?. Franklin Watts. 1995. Print

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Daily Life- Personal Adornment

September 18, 2015 natasha

Daily Life- Adorning the Body

Natasha Sachar

Clothing Worn In Ancient Egypt

Light and simple clothing was worn that was made from linen.
The average man wore length of cloth wrapped around the waist and a plain shirt.
An average lady wore long skirts, sleeveless dresses, and sometimes would top her outfit with a square shawl.
The upper class or rich people wore the same style clothing as average people; but it was better quality and they could afford dyes like gold and yellow for their clothes. (Lower class had white clothes.)

Jewelry

In Ancient Egypt, a lot of jewelry was worn by everyone. Men and women, rich and poor all wore jewelry.
Wearing Jewelry was a way to improve one’s attractiveness in the eyes of others and of the gods. Many wore earrings, broad collars with stands of beads, chest adornments, bracelets, armbands, rings, collars, and anklets. They loved their Jewelry!
Gold and semiprecious stones such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, and turquoise were used to create very valuable pieces.

Hair and Body

Ancient Egyptians paid great attention to their hair. Some people dyed hair with henna and others cut their hair very short or just shaved their head bald.
Some wealthy people owned wigs made from real human hair. As an added adornment, people tied cones of scented animal fat which are called perfumed pomades to their wigs.
Men and women both wore the same amount of makeup!
Ancient Egyptians colored their eyelids with a green substance made from a soft stone called malachite. They also outlined eyes with black kohl, a substance of lead ore mixed with water. They did this to protect eyes from sun and make eyes look bigger.
Men and women both adorned themselves with cosmetics. They used perfumed oils to soften skin and keep it from getting ruined in desert climate.

Citations:

(Image). http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/images/life26b.jpg.9/16/15.Web.
(Image). http://classroom.synonym.com/DM-Resize/photos.demandstudios.com/getty/article/41/200/92845946_XS.jpg?w=390&h=390&keep_ratio=1.9/16/15.Web.
Reshafim. Personal Adornment. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/crowns/jewellery.9/16/15.Web.

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Daily Life – Food Drink

September 18, 2015 cooperh684

Daily Life – Food and Drink

Cooper Horwin

Planting

Planting was done with two people.
One would scatter wheat or barely and the other would follow behind with a cattle drawing a plow.
90 percent of ancient Egypt’s time was put into farming.

Harvesting

Crops were harvested in the summer using wood sickles (metal blades with short wooden handles).
Usually the whole family would help with the harvesting.
Donkeys carried the grains to granaries.
At the granaries they would sell or store the grains.

Religious beliefs and Economics impacts food

They did not eat fish because they believed that the water of the Nile had a lot of bacteria. Also their religious beliefs told them that fish were not to be eaten.
Some Egyptians ate fish and they were still healthy.
The Egyptian symbol of food was a picture of beer and bread.
Wealthy Egyptians drink wine instead of beer because wine was from the Nile delta.
People in the lower class ate simple meals, but then in the upper class people had a wide selection of different things to eat.

Drinks

Beer was essential because it could be stored for a while. They did not drink much of the water from the Nile, because it had bacteria.
Since the water from the Nile had to be boiled they just drank beer. Everyone drank beer including the children.

Hunting/ Cattle

They raised cattle, such as camels and cows. They hunted geese, ducks, cranes, and other wildfowl. It was easy to capture and kill cranes during the flooding season because they came for the fish in the Nile.

Types of Crops they grew and traded

The two most important crops were wheat and barley, which were used to produce beer and bread.
Some common vegetables were onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers, and lettuce.
They also had apples, olives, and pomegranate trees.
They were brought to Egypt during the reign of Hyksos or later. Since olives did not grow well in the Egyptian climate they were mostly traded for.
Most fruit were dried so that it was able to be preserved.

Citations:

(Image) http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/butchering.htm 9/15/15.Web.
(Image) http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/newkingdom/farming.html 9/15/15.Web.
Life Along the Nile Jim Whiting ReferencePointPress 2013.Print.

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Daily Life- Housing

September 18, 2015 cassidy_young

Daily Life- Housing

Cassidy Young

Lower Class

The size of houses and amounts of furnishings varied between lower and upper class.
If you were lower class, as you probably would have guessed, your house would be duller and smaller than upper class.
As a poorer Egyptian, you would have little furniture as well.
The most basic furniture the Egyptians had were tables and beds, which is for the most part the only furnishings in the poorer Egyptians homes.

Upper Class

Important and wealthy citizens lived in bigger cities. These cities were the center of business.
Also, your house would look nicer, for example it might be painted and plastered.
Royals would have much nicer homes. They would be at least twice the size of others, and some even had multiple stories.
Some decorations that wealthy and royal Egyptians had included, trees, flowers, bushes, and sometimes high walls around them.

Ways of Living

The houses that were made of mud bricks were not as sturdy as the stone buildings.
However, they still served their purpose nicely.
The Egyptians created temples and tombs out of better quality materials than other buildings like their houses, in hope that they would last forever.
Ancient Egyptian houses were mostly made out of mud bricks.
The Egyptians made their houses facing the north so that the north wind could circulate through the houses.

The Building Process

As I’ve already mentioned, the houses are made from the mud in the Nile.
The mud was gathered using leather buckets, and then carried to the building site.
Once there, the builders would add straw and pebbles to strengthen the mud. After this, it was poured into wooden frames to form the actual “bricks”.
To dry the bricks, they would put them out in the sun. Once dried, the houses would typically be decorated.

Citations

(Image).http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html.9/16/15.Web

(Image).http://quatr.us/egypt/architecture/houses.htm.9/16/15.Web

Hart, George. Ancient Egypt. Alfred A Knopf, Inc. 1990. Print

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Daily Life- Medicine

September 17, 2015 kalib110

Daily Life- Medicine

Kali Bate

Common Illnesses

Medicines such as herbs were expected to ease pain only, whereas magic produced the cure.
The age of death was around 35 years.
You could die from bilharziasis, which was a disease that was hard not to catch when you were in a country that was flooded for many months per year.
There were also insect borne diseases such as malaria and trachoma.
Plagues spread through the common trade routes Egyptians went along.

Surgery

Surgery in the early Egyptian years were mainly used if you had wounds, dislocations, or fractures.
It was also sometimes used for the removal of tumors.
Anesthetics, which were made from plants, were used during surgery.

Practicing and Learning about Medicine

If science didn’t work for finding a cure, doctors then turned to magic.
Egyptians have been practicing medicine for hundreds of years.
Doctors that had attended special schools to complete their general education, learned about symptoms of many illnesses.
They also learned how to diagnose and treat the illnesses.
The Ancient Egyptian doctors had a clear understanding of the organs and of the structure of the body.
Doctors knew the importance of the heart, and used the body’s pulse rate to determine the person’s health.
Medicines were made from many different plants, minerals, and sometimes even parts of animals.
The ingredients were mixed with either water, beer, wine, or milk, so patients could drink it. Or, the medicine was mixed with oil, and was applied to the skin.
Ancient Egyptians believed in treating health problems with combinations of magic and medicine.
They thought people became sick when some sort of disease or illness caused worms to form inside the body.
The Ancient Egyptians believed that magic and or medicine was needed to drive away the worms and cure the patient.
The doctors had prescriptions and treatments for multiple illnesses, including those with eye problems, tumors, and snake bites.
Parts of plants and herbs including garlic were used often in their treatments.
Magicians were used to performing magic when other treatments were limited or didn’t provide a cure.
Ancient Egyptian doctors did not perform surgery, but did treat injuries and wounds with bandages and stiches.

Childbirth

The goddess Taweret was the goddess of childbirth. It was essential to say prayers to her.
For childbirth, Ancient Egyptians relied mostly on magic and help by the Gods rather than with medicine.
Prayers, charms, as well as spells were used to protect mothers during pregnancy and childbirth.
Prayers also helped protect babies against childhood diseases and dangers.

Citations:

(Image).http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ancient_Egyptian_medical_instruments.jpg/256px-Ancient_Egyptian_medical_instruments.jpg.9/16/15.Web

(Image).http://www.planetseed.com/files/uploadedimages/Science/Features/Health_and_Safety/History_of_Medicine/egyptians1.jpg.9/16/15.Web

David, Rosalie. Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt. Infobase Publishing. 1998. Print

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Daily Life- Medicine

September 17, 2015 adamf545

Daily Life- Medicine

Adam Farris

Doctor Training:

The Ancient Egyptians practiced medicine for centuries.
People that wanted to study medicine had special training that was after the normal required Education
They learned about symptoms of diseases and how to diagnose and treat them.
Doctors understood almost perfectly how the organs worked and where they are and structure of the body.
They used pulse rate to tell if the patient was healthy or not.

“Magic”:

Doctors believed in treating problems with both magic and medicine.
They thought you could use both magic and medicine to drive the “worms” out.
They thought that most diseases created a worm or multiple worms inside of the patient’s body.
Magicians were used to cast spells to get rid of the illness if the treatment is ineffective or they don’t have much ingredient that the cure needed.

Meds and Remedies:

They normally used garlic, plants, or other herbs in their treatments.
Doctors had prescriptions for things like eye problems, tumors, scorpion stings, fevers, and snake bites.
Most doctors weren’t trained in dentistry so most common folk had very poor dental hygiene
Imhotep was the dentist of King Djoser and he still had poor dental health from what we can salvage from the tomb
Most pharaohs were found with fake or golden teeth.
There are three possible ideas that could be true, the pharaohs were not very good at maintaining dental health, the pharaoh had them as a sign as how rich he was, or the golden teeth were part of the embalming process.
Either way, we know that dental health wasn’t a very high priority in Ancient Egypt.

Surgery and Childbirth:

Doctors treated wounds with bandages or stiches but didn’t perform surgery.
They didn’t have pain killers back then so the pain alone would possibly kill the patient.
In childbirth, doctors relied on magic and praying to god instead of medicine.
There was no way to help with medicine.
Several gods were called upon to help the woman.
Charms, spells, and prayers were casted upon the woman to insure safety for the woman and the baby from childhood diseases.
Most diseases back then were lethal to babies.

Citations:

(Image).http://www.blatner.com/adam/consctransf/historyofmedicine/1-overview/egypt.JPG. 9/16/15.Web.

(Image). https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTamx EqcMFpNln2o2BX8k78_DmXDqVGlqRnOAraQaC15Nv1_kxPZXEMUg. 9/16/15.Web

Doling Kindersley. Ancient Egypt Eyewitness Books. Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc. 2000. Print

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Daily Life-Music and Dance

September 17, 2015 jayaw049

Daily Life-Music and Dance

Jaya Winemiller

Festivals

Some festivals that had music and dancing were the crowning of the Pharaoh, public festivals, private festivals, religious festivals, and royal occasions.
The crowning of the Pharaoh had a lot of dancing and music to honor the new Pharaoh.
Public and Private festivals were celebrations either with a family or with a large group of people.
Religious festivals were celebrations of the people’s religious beliefs.
Royal occasions were something having to do with the king, queen, or his family.

Music

The types of instruments the Egyptians play are Percussion, Wood, and String instruments.
Examples of instruments the Egyptians play are the Harp, Lyre, Lute, Flute, Oboes, Tambourines, Rattles, and Drums.
Mostly women play instruments. Instead of reading the music, they memorized it by listening to the sound of the music.
Musicians perform in festivals of all kinds, both public and private.

Dancing

Dancers started to dance when they were really young, almost a toddler! They were taught to dance at festivals to honor the Pharaoh.
Dancers performed to the music played at all of the festivals by the musicians.
At private festivals dancers performed in front of wealthy people.

Other performers at festivals

Other performers at festivals were acrobats and magicians.
They are like the dancers and musicians but they are not always at every festival.
Acrobats were similar to dancers. They both did a form of dance. Acrobats did flexible movements in dancing, while dancers danced normally.
Magicians also performed alongside the other performers. They sometimes entertained royalty and sometimes entertained wealthy people that hired them.

Citations

(Image). http://www.utahloy.com/m6egypttech/muu2.htm.9/16/15.Web

(Image). http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/egyptian-dance.html.9/16/15.Web

Website: Dollinger, André.Aspects of life in Ancient Egypt. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html.9/15/15.Web

Music Dance

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Daily Life-Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 colinf287

Marriage:

Marriage is a private matter
It happens when a man and a women set up a household together
Girls usually marry at 12, boys at 14
Marriages from the same family (i.e. cousins marrying) was not taboo

Fun and games

Children played with dolls, balls, and toy animals
Board games such as Senet and A Game Of Twenty Squares were played
Boys pretended to be soldiers, whilst girls often played games involving dancing
The Egyptians played marble games!

Social classes (from highest to lowest)

Pharaoh
Government officials
Soldiers
Scribes
Merchants
Artisans
Farmers
Slaves/servants

Women

Women had pretty much equal rights as men
Wives of the rich were responsible for running the household, childcare, and overseeing servants
Wives of paupers had to cook, clean, and other manual labor
A women’s social position depended on first her father’s social position, then her husbands

Citations:

(Image) http://carlos.emory.edu/ ODYSSEY/EG2YPT/daily.html
(Image) http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html
(Information) http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html

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Daily Life in Ancient Egypt – Food and Drink

September 17, 2015 sydneyt733

Sydney Tai

Farming

90% of Ancient Egyptians were farmers
Before the Inundation, it is important to prepare irrigation channels – most would need to be repaired and cleared of weeds
Farmers sowed their fields in November after the Inundation around the Nile
The entire family helped to harvest in the spring, using wooden sickles
Cattle would be used to thresh the grain (process of removing stalks from the grain)
Women would winnow the grain (process of using wooden paddles to blow away unwanted husks, or chaff, from the grain)
The extra chaff would either become animal feed or strengthening material in mud bricks
Harvest would be brought to the marketplace, to feed the farmer’s family, stored in the granaries, or to pay a part of taxes
Materials/tools used in the process: cattle drawing plows, wooden sickles, donkeys, and granaries

What were the crops/meats that were grown/hunted?

The most important crops that were grown were wheat, barley, and flax to make bread and beer
Grew vegetables such as onions, garlic, asparagus, chickpeas, lentils, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers, celery, and lettuce
Also grew grapes along the Nile delta to make into wine
Raised cattle for beef and milk to drink or make into cheese
Hunted geese, ducks, and other wildfowl

What were some food related beliefs and celebrations?

In Ancient Egypt, eating pork was forbidden and some fish species were sacred
Food would also be placed in tombs as an offering to the gods and food for the dead person in the next world
- The offerings in the tomb might include bread, beer, beef, geese, wine, cakes, and fruits
The Egyptians also had many grand feasts at harvest time to thank the god for good crops
- They celebrated successful harvests by dancing, singing, playing music

Cooking and Eating Between Different Classes

The lower class people ate simple meals including common vegetables, fish, bread, water, and beer
- Food was cooked over an open fire on a cone-shaped stove
- Kitchen tools were mostly made of wood while some knives were made of copper and bronze
Upper classes ate luxurious foods such as fish, pigeon stew, kidneys, quail, beef ribs, bread rolls, small round cakes, fruit, stewed figs, chees, and wine/beer
- The rich usually had many servants to work and cook for them
- At special meals, the dining hall would be decorated with wreaths, flowers, and many special foods
- At the end of these meals, servants would bring jugs of scented water for guests to wash their hands

Citations:

Backwill, Richard. Food & Feasts in Ancient Egypt. Wayland Ltd. 1994. Print.
Bancroft-Hunt, Norman. Living in Ancient Egypt. Thalamus Publishing. 2009. (Image).http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/banquet.jpg.9/16/15.Web
(Image).http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/ahmose_coppersmith_stela.jpg.9/16/15.Web
PharaonicEgypt.http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/index.html9/16/15.Web

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Daily Life – Adoring the Body

September 17, 2015 rohinp584

Clothing

Light and simple linen clothes
Men had cloth rapped around on the bottom
Plain shirt that slipped over his head
Women have long skirt or sleeveless dresses
Wealthy people where the same style but better fabric and gold and yellow color.

Jewelry

Everyone wore jewelry
For decoration and magical reasons
They have amulet, earrings, broad collars with beads, chest adornments, bracelets, armbands, rings, and anklets
Fancy men wear bead collars with a golden falcon head.

Hair

Dyed their hair red mostly
Some had little hair or no hair at all
No hair because of the heat. No hair make it cooler
Fancy people had wigs
Men had shorter hair wigs than woman
On their wigs they Put cones of animal fat to make it smell good.

Cosmetics on body

Used cosmetics for their body
Men and women wore it for looks and protection
Used perfumed oils to soften their skin and keep it from cracking in the heat of the desert
Colored eyes green with a type of rock
They outlined their eyes with black so it will make their eyes look larger and protect them from the sun
It also protects the wearers from dieses

Citations:

(Image).www.realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Images_Egypt/pair.jpg 9/16/15.web
(Image).www.historyonthenet.com/files/fs/egyptians/images/richegyptianwomandress.jpg 9/16/15.web
Bancroft-Hunt Nornman. Living in Ancient Egypt. Thalamus. 2009. Print.

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Daily Life-Crafts and Trade

September 17, 2015 jackp192

Daily Life-Arts and Trades

Jack Perez

Arts

Used simple tools to produce a variety of crafts.
Could make amulets that were 3cm long and very detailed.
Could make detailed coffin for the pharaoh.
Craftspeople worked as/made figurines, paintings, statues made of bronze, glass, and clay, sandal makers, stone carvers, leather workers, highly finished furniture, jewelry made of gold and stones, metalworkers, sculptors, weavers, carpenters, jewelers, potters, and painters.

Social Life as Craftsmen

Went to school at pharaoh’s palace along with royal children.
Many craftsmen were taught about making crafts very young.
Were respected as craftsmen (masters had high status in society).
Craftsmen lived much better than the ordinary members of the lower classes.

Trade

Cities around the Nile River were the main trade centers to go to.
All trade was controlled by the pharaoh.
People traded goods like grain, gold, copper, linen, gemstones, and different minerals in exchange for other goods they lacked like timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead.
Things were not bought with currency or coins, but with trading goods with different people.

Work

Craftsmen worked mostly for pharaohs, wealthy families, and temples.
Were well paid in food by their employers.
Craftsmen were highly skilled in what they did.

Citation:

André Dollinger.AncientEgypt-Reshafim.www.reshafim.org.9-16-15.Web.

(Image).www.akhet.co.uk.9/16/15.Web.

(Image). www.reshafim.org.9/16/15.Web.

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Daily Life – Warfare

September 17, 2015 sarahh267

Daily Life-Warfare

Sarah Haddix

Soldiers

Egypt had an army of fulltime soldiers who were stationed throughout the Empire.
Soldiers had to take part in regular wrestling matches.
The Ancient Egyptians also had mercenaries, who were soldiers from other lands paid to fight for Egypt.
When the Pharaoh sent the army into battle, the Pharaoh would take one of every ten men who worked in the temples.
Soldiers were rewarded for bravery with gold and silver weapons, jewels, or gold medals in the shape of flies.

Organization

The Egyptian Army was organized into companies and divisions.
A company had about 200 foot soldiers or infantry.
A division had about 5,000 men.
A captain led each company and carried a staff topped with the company’s emblem.
A General or Lieutenant-General led each division.
Divisions marched under the banner of their local god.
Experienced soldiers fought in the front with newer recruits located in the back.
Trumpeters and standard bearers (men who carried flags) became essential for keeping organized.

Peacetime

Soldiers worked on different jobs during peacetime.
Some jobs they might do are digging irrigation canals or carrying stone from the desert to build a Pharaoh’s tomb.
When not working on a large project they would quarry and mine stone.

Wartime

In the New Kingdom, Egypt went to war regularly.
In war slaves could win their freedom with bravery and strength.
Foot soldiers used javelins (long spears used for throwing), daggers, and short, curved swords. To protect themselves, they used shields made out of rawhide and wore headgear made of padded caps.
The Ancient Egyptians attacked first with bow and arrow, and then sent in their melee troops.
Some soldiers fought in chariots.
Chariots were wooden horse draw carriages and served as moving platforms for archers to shoot off of.
Two soldiers rode in each chariot, the driver and the archer.
The driver wore a leather or bronze helmet and leather body armor and drove the chariot.
The archer was armed with a bow and arrow for shooting long range targets an javelins for close range targets.

Citations:

(Image).http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-egypt-military.htm.9-16-15.WEB
(Image).http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-egypt-military.htm.9-16-15.WEB
Ancient Military. The Military of Ancient Egypt. http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-egypt-military.htm.9-16-15.WEB

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Daily Life: Crafts and Trade

September 17, 2015 nehas513

Daily Life: Crafts and Trade

Neha Sharma

Arts and Pharaohs

Most craftspeople created their works of arts for the pharaohs, for wealthy families, or for temples.
They often went to school in the pharaoh’s palace, along with children of royalty.
Artists who worked for the royal and wealthy families, or for the temples, were well paid in food and other goods.
Those who became master craftspeople held a high status in society.

Life of an Artist what They Make and Use

Egyptians used simple tools produce various of crafts
Crafts people worked as sandal makers, stone carvers, leather workers, metal workers, sculptors, weavers, carpenters, jewelers, potters, and painters.
They made jewelry with gold an stone, created highly finished furniture, and produced statues made of bronze, glass, and stone.
Most craftspeople were men, and many of were taught from very young.
Many of them lived much better than ordinary members of the low class

Trading in General

Ancient Egyptians traded their crafts and resources with other countries and empires near and far.
Cities and towns near the Nile River were great trade centers.
Trade was controlled by the pharaohs.
Egypt traded goods such as grain, copper, gold, linen, gemstones, and various minerals.
In exchange, it received things it lacked, such as timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead.
Goods were not paid for currency or coin, but rather were exchanged for other goods.

What people did for crafts

Sometimes common villagers were able to obtain these finely made objects.

They might travel into towns and exchange some of their extra farm produce for such treasured objects.

People would do anything for these objects such as robbing
Gold was highly valued by Egyptians.
They thought gold was the work of gods since the color was bright like the sun
Some of the gold from the mines of from the desert and Nubia was sent abroad in from of it’s to foreign rulers like king of Babylon.
Manufactured goods and even princesses were sent in exchange to the pharaohs

Citations

(Images)http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/psusennes_mask.jpg. 9/16/15.Web.

(Images)http://www.ducksters.com/history/art/ancient_egypt_bust_of_nefertiti_sm.jpg.9/16/15.Web.

Ancient Egypt George Hart 1990 Dorling Kindersley limited, London print

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Daily Life-Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 matthewl066

Daily Life – Burial Practices

Matthew Logel

Embalming

The first step of embalming is to take a dead body to an ibu which means tent of purification.
Next you will need to save up lots of linen to use in your mummification.
Then use oils to make you smooth and sweet-smelling.
You need priest wearing the mask of Anubis, the god of embalming, to act as a chief embalmer at your death.

Materials

You will need a knife to cut your body open.
They needed Natron salt to dry the body up.
Also a hooked instrument will be used to take your brain out through your nose.
You will need jars with different heads to store each organ.
The human god Imesty for your liver, a head of the baboon Hapy to store your lungs, a jar with a jackal head of Duamutef to store the stomach, And the intestines go in a head with head of the falcon god Qebehsenuef.

People

There is a priest who watches over the embalming and he wears a Jackal mask of the god Anubis.
There are also embalmers who remove all the organs except the heart and dry the bodies with natron salt.
There would be a high priest to oversee the embalming of a pharaoh but he would not appear for a regular embalming.

Types of Royalty

Cheap means the body is injected with cedar oil, which makes its insides liquefy and drain out. Then it is dried out with natron salt.
Mid-range means organs are removed and embalmed. The body is dried out by natron salt and then completely wrapped up in linen.
Luxury means the same as mid-range but with a portrait mask that is made of cartonnage (a mix of plaster, linen, and resin) or even solid gold.

Citations:

(Image).http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/funerary_practices/embalmers.htm.9/16/15.Web
(Image).http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/mastaba.html.9/16/15.Web
Funerary Practices and Embalmershttp://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/funerary_practices/embalmers.htm.9/15/15.Web

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Daily Life-Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 cameronw987

Daily Life-Writing and Education

Cameron Wood

What is a scribe?

Scribes are the people who record data for the pharaohs.
Scribes were the men who helped administer laws, collect taxes, and supervise government projects.
They were Egypt’s official record keepers
The scribes were usually men, but sometimes, there were some women scribes.
The scribes wrote and read things from business contracts, to jokes and songs.
Sometimes they would work at the pharaoh’s palace, but other times they would travel with the members of the court to keep track of official data.
The scribes achieved high rank and honors, there job was highly respected and often financially rewarded.

Hieroglyphics

The written language that the Egyptians used in this period of time was hieroglyphics.
The written pieces and objects that are found today, are 5,000 years old.
When the people used to use hieroglyphics, there were over 700 different symbols to memorize.
Because it was such a complicated course to go through, only about 1 percent of the population could literate.
Some hieroglyphic symbols are used to make sounds, and some are used to make words, and some are 2 put together to form a different word.
Mot all hieroglyphics were written on walls, buildings, and papyrus, a paper made from the papyrus plant.

Scribes Education

The scribes were taught by priests.
The education was very strict for the students.
If there was any sign of misbehaving or not wanting to learn, the student would be scolded, or even physically beaten.
Sometimes the school day would last from sun-rise to sun-set.

Scribes Profession

After the Scribes complete their course in education, they go off to do different things, to improve their profession.
They would go off with more experienced scribes, to learn even more about record keeping.
Soon after that, the pharaoh would send the scribes out to cities and villages to keep track of tax records.
The scribes would then record the grain, so there wasn’t a famine, and then record the Nile River, so there wouldn’t be a flood.

Citations:

(Image) http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/images/rosetta.jpg. 9/16/15.web

(Image) http://discoveringegypt.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/hiero1.jpg.9/16/15.web

Michael C. Carlos. Egypt. http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EG2YPT/daily.html. 9/15/15. web

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Daily Life-Body Adornment

September 17, 2015 cicin726

Daily Life-Body Adornment

Cici Nesbeth

Regular Clothes

Ancient Egyptians wore a light fabric called linen.
Men wore clothes around there waist a plain simple white shirt.
Women wore long skirts are sleeveless dresses with a square used as a shawl.
Wealthy Egyptians wore the same style but different fabric and colors.
Women Used pleats to decorate their clothes.
Jewelry

Ancient Egyptians wore gold or yellow garments
Men and Women wore jewelry for style and to scare of spirts.
They used things such as amulets to protect them from harm
They used expensive stone such as turquoise to make jewelry
Many Egyptians wore earrings, collars, pectors, rings, bracelets, armbands, and anklets
Hair Care

Egyptians paid great attention to hair
Some Egyptians dyed their with henna
Others cut their hair really short
The wealthy had wigs made out of human hair
Some Egyptians put cones of animal fat to make their hair smell good
Cosmetics

Both men and women used cosmetics for their faces
Egyptians used perfumed oils to smell good and to protect them from the sun
They colored their eye lids with green malachite. Just like today’s eye shadow.
Ancient Egyptian outlined their eyes with black kohl. Just like today’s eyeliner.
Ancient Egyptian out lined their eyes for beauty and as a symbol of power.

Citations:

(Image).

http://www.historyforkids.net/images/EgyptianClothing1.jpg.9/16/15.WEB

(Image). https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQLS8BLYBVXyWdO3FcoeLzdWAL9QlxoptsY5RNDg9EJk4bZ8vWiGAThsA. 9/16/15.Web

Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University. http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EG2YPT/daily.html.09/16/15

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Daily Life-Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 andons588

Daily Life – Domestic Life

Andon Swartz

Marriage

Men married someone within social class/ extended family
No formal/legal ceremony for marriage
People were officially married when they set up a household together
A divorce was when the couple had been living separately
All divorced couples could re-marry again

Egyptian Society

A women’s social position is based on their husband’s/father’s job
The upper class women that were married to the nobility and government officials had to raise children, run the household, and observe the servants
Other women that were not married to those people had to raise children as well but also had to cook, clean, make clothes for the family, and work into the fields with their husbands

Individual Rights

Women could own their own land and were entitled to share equally any inheritance left by a family member
Women were equal to men in eye of the law
They could bring charges against someone in court but had to be responsible for their own actions and go answer them in court

Children
1. Most children often married around 12-14 years old
2. The kids played games such as leapfrog, tug-of-war, and a board game called senet
3. They also played with balls, dolls, and animals
4. Boys pretended to be soldiers and the girls pretended that their dolls were dancers.
5. Citations:

9/16/15 http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/priests_of_amen.htm Reshafim Company-9/16/15.Web

9/16/15 http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/games.htm Reshafim Company-9/15/15.Web

9/14/15 Anne Wallace Sharp-Women of Ancient Egypt-Thomson Gale-2005-Print

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Housing

September 17, 2015 travisk811

Housing

By: Travis Kimball

1. How did Egyptians live in the valley of the Nile?

Wedged everything together even rich and poor people houses

Royal /Government officials lived in larger cities

2. How did the Egyptians use mud bricks?

Lower class houses make out of only mud brick Upper class houses were plastered and painted but still with mud bricks

Laborers shaped mud into rectangular wooden molds and were left to bake in the sun

Kept out intense heat of the sun

Were built facing north to allow wind to come through the house

3. What are the differences between the housing of the rich and poor?

Lower Class:

Few rooms that are narrow Low ceilings

Few tables and a bed

Sat on mats or cushions

Upper class:

Bigger and Fancier

Had Bathrooms

Built around a central Courtyard

Had stools tables chests pot lamps

Image sources

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/KhM/Schauraum1.jpg

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/KMKG-MRAH/BrE.6406%281%29.jpg

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Social Classes

September 17, 2015 caseyp531

Social Classes

Casey Powell

What are the social classes and how are they organized?

The social classes were set up in shape of pyramid
The pharaoh was at the top of the pyramid, then came royal family, nobles, and government
Third from top priests and priestesses, after them came scribes
Next came artists and skilled workers, and lastly came the laborers

Why was the pharaoh the most powerful person in all of Ancient Egypt and how did he keep his power?

The pharaoh owned all of the land and had all of the control
The way the pharaoh kept the people happy was by providing land
Even though he was powerful he needed help of nobles, military advisors, priests, and a bureaucracy and a vizier

Why were scribes more powerful than artists and laborers?

Scribes had to attend school for long time and it was difficult to learn the hieroglyphs
They recorded important events and sometimes wrote books for rich people
Becoming a scribe is a way a person might become wealthy

What did the artists make and what was their place in the society?

Furniture, jewelry, and cloth
Not largest class
Second from bottom of pyramid

Why were the laborers important to the Egyptians?

The laborers farmed crops
During the inundation, which is the annual flooding of the Nile, laborers worked on buildings such as pyramids
Were also needed to build structures such as pyramids

Picture Citations

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/KMKG-MRAH/BrE.0586%281%29. 9/16/15. Web

[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/amarna_letters.html. 9/16/15. Web

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Daily Life – Crafts and Trade

September 17, 2015 chiomam068

Daily Life-Crafts and Trade

Chioma Modilim

Craftspeople had many jobs

Some craftspeople were sandal makers.
Craftspeople worked as stone carvers and sculptors also.
Some of the craftspeople worked as jewelers and carpenters.
Some of the craftspeople were also painters, potters, weavers.
There were also some craftspeople who worked as leather workers and metalworkers.

They made things in their jobs for the pharaohs and the people

The craftspeople who were maybe painters, potters, weavers, stone carvers, sculptors or metalworkers made art for the pharaohs.
Craftspeople not only made art for the pharaohs but for the wealthy families as well.
The jewelers made jewelry with gold and stones.
The carpenters worked to make highly finished furniture.
Craftspeople who were sculptors made statues out of bronze, glass, and clay

Trade

Craftspeople were the people who made and traded the things that the Egyptians needed to prosper, or otherwise trade.
The things that the craftspeople made for the things to trade were things like copper, linen, gemstones, and various minerals
They traded the things that they had for things like timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead.
They might go into to town to trade some if there extra farm produce for such treasured objects

Social Structure

Craftspeople were paid with food and other goods.
The craftspeople also lived much better than the lower class people.
Craftspeople also got to hang out with the royal children and families.
The craftspeople held a status in society if they were master craftspeople.

Citations:

(Image): http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/images/life41a.jpg9/16/15 Web

(Image): http://reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/pottery/potter.jpg 9/16/15 Web

(Website): André.Aspects of Life in Ancient Egypt. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html.9/15/15.Web

(Website): Akhet Egyptology.The Horizion to the Past. http://www.akhet.co.uk/cairo.htm9/15/15.Web

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Daily Life- Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 christinap559

Daily Life- Burial Practices

By Christina Polge

Afterlife

Egyptians thought that saying the name of a dead person would make them live forever.
The Egyptians also believed that by preserving the body, their dead loved ones could live forever, in another way. They developed a process called mummification to do this
There are several different (three to be exact) souls the Egyptians believed you had. These were the ba or your personality, the ka or the life force, and the akh or the holy soul.
You would have to pay a lot of money for yourself or another to become a mummy. It was a very expensive process.

Mummification

This process was called embalming and we now know it as mummifying. This was a sacred and holy process that contained many complex steps.
First, the priests of Anubis, the god of mummification, would take your body away to a tent of “purification” called an ibu.
Then, the people in charge, the priests to the god Anubis, would remove every inner organ except for the heart, such as the liver, and stored them in jars crafted out of clay or limestone.
Then, the embalmers, another name for these priests, removed the brain of the deceased person using hooks to get it out the nose.
The cheap way was when the body was injected with a type of oil and drained out.
The common folk of the time period had their organs removed and stored in canopic jars, the body was dried out, and then turned into a mummy, by being wrapped up in the linen.
The rich people had the same as the common folk, except they got portrait masks, which is a mask made out of cartonnage, a mixture of plaster, linen and resin and sometimes even solid gold.
Next, the body was laid in a box, covered in a kind of salt called natron, and dried in the box for 40 days.
After those days, the priests removed the body, washed, oiled and wrapped it in several yards of fabric.
Sometimes, they also spread a black oil called monia over the body. This word is an origin of the term mummy.
The body was then ready for burial.

Funerals

The mourners were young girls hired by the dead’s relations. They would wear blue dresses and sob while throwing ash upon themselves.
Different funeral priests would be brought in to burn incense, recite prayers and preform the opening of the mouth ceremony. They would use sacred tools for this ceremony.
Seventy days after the dead person passed would be the time for the funeral. They would always be buried on the west side of the river, because the Egyptians were superstitious.
To physically bury the body, it would be taken to a boat, rowed across the river and then pulled to the tomb on a sledge.
The priest and mourners walk with the body in a processional way to the tomb, with food offerings and necessities to put in the tombs.
In front of the tomb, the priest would complete the opening of the mouth ceremony. This is when the priest would use a symbolic tool and place it on the mummy’s “lips” to welcome back it’s departed soul, so that the mummy may move freely around the afterlife.
The Egyptians believed that after the funeral, your body went to the weighing of the heart ceremony, led by Anubis, the god of mummies. Then, the heart was weighed against the feather of truth. Thoth recorded the deeds. If the heart was too heavy, Ammunt would eat it.
Once the process of finding the way through the afterlife, and when the tomb was closed, the Egyptians believed that the body was safe.

Tombs

The carpenters would then use precious wood and paints made of stones mixed with gum. The best type was cedar from Lebanon.
The wealthiest people afforded 3 coffins inside their tombs. The Egyptians had very sacred and complex orders of the spells that needed to be written on the outside of them.
The poorer people used then sheets of gold stuck on wood, which was hard to recognize from solid gold.

The actual tomb you were laid to rest in was a place for your body to rest and for your family to bring food and things of necessity to you and to communicate with your ba.
After the funeral, the tomb was sealed.
Unfortunately tomb robbers would break in. The penalty was a slow death by impalement, but they didn’t care, because it would make them rich.
A lot of the treasures buried in tombs such as linens, glass, gold, frankincense and myrrh were very rare.

Citations

(Image). http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/egypt/rekhmira1.jpg. 9/16/15. Web.

(Image). http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/funerary_practices/masks.jpg. 9/16/15. Web.

Stewart, David. You Wouldn’t Want to be an Egyptian Mummy. Salariya Book Company.

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Housing

September 17, 2015 jordanm438

Housing Jordan Miller

What did they make the houses out of?

The Ancient Egyptians used mud bricks for both upper and lower class Egyptians.
Mud bricks were made out of mud from the Nile.
Mud brick houses were not as strong or long lasting as stone structures, but they kept out the strong heat from the hot sun.

Why were houses built to the North?

There is wind going from the North
Air Circulates through the building
Allows steady wind to enter
Kept intense heat out

What types of furniture did they use in Ancient Egypt?

Rich People had bathrooms (Stone slab for bathing and a stone toilet seat)
Richer people had bigger homes with gardens and a tree shaded pool.
Upper class had more furniture than lower class
They had stools, tables and more

Image Sources:

{Image} http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/lifeas/craftsman.html September 16, Web

{Image} http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=1769 September 16, Web

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Warfare

September 17, 2015 hagana302

Warfare

Hagan Aderhold

How was the Egyptians military organized?

– Divisions 5000 men

– Companies 200 men.

– Captain led companies.

– Generals led the divisions.

– Sometimes the army had mercenaries (Soldiers from other lands paid to fight for Egypt).

2. What tools did the Egyptian soldiers use for protection and combat? –

– Javelins (Used by foot soldiers).

– Daggers

– Short or curved swords

– Shields made of rawhide.

– Headgear with padded caps.

– Some soldiers used chariots which had archers firing at the enemy.

What did soldiers do when they were outside of the military?

They might dig irrigation canals.
Carry stone from the desert to build a pharaoh’s tomb.

[Image]Chhttp://wwwtc.pbs.org/empires/egypt/_graphics/pics/vl_soldiers.jpgariot Image. September 16.Web.

[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/soldiers_tomb.html. September 16.Web.

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Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 ijeomam069

Burial Practices

Ijeoma Modilim

Paragraph 1: What process did the Egyptians create to preserve the dead body so it wouldn’t decay?

Embalming

Paragraph 2_{question 1}: What was the only inner organ the priest left inside the body?

The heart

Paragraph 2_{question 2}: What is natron?

Type of salt
Used to dry up dead body

Paragraph 3: What is the large stone container that a Pharaoh’s coffin is stored in called?

Sarcophagus
Many people had goods put into their coffins
It was to help their ka have good afterlife

________________________________________________________

The Embalming

1) Take out the inner organs except for the heart

2) Remove the brain by hooking it through the nostrils

3) Put the body in wooden boxes and put natron on it

4) Wait 40 days

5) Wash it, oil it, and wrap body in several hundred yards of fabric

6) Spread black gooey substance called momia

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/nef_tomb_crafts.html. September 16, 2015.Web.

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/amenhotep_mourned2.html. September 16, 2015. Web.

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Medicine

September 17, 2015 lawsonw985

Medicine

Lawson Wheeler

Who were the Ancient Egyptians that studied medicine for a hundred years?

People that studied in special training
Humans that attended special school
People that learned about diseases and how to cure them
People that understood organs of the body
Training doctors that used human pulses to rate healthiness
Why did the Ancient Egyptians believe in magic and medicine to treat health problems?
They thought worms caused diseases or sicknesses
Thought that magic and spells could heal them
Doctors had prescriptions—used plants to treat them—for eye problems, tumors, or snake bites–Magicians used magic spells
Used bandages and stiches, didn’t perform surgery
Why did the Ancient Egyptians rely on magic and help from the gods more than medicine?
Gods were called upon to bear children safety
Prayers, charms, and spells—protected mothers during pregnancy
Protected babies from childhood diseases and dangers
Relied on magic and spells for all circumstances of childbirth
[Image] http://www.tnnegypt.com/medicine-mixed-magic-remedy-ancient-egyptians/ . September 16, 2015. Web
[Image] Webhttps://courses.cit.cornell.edu/nes263/student2007/psg7/page5.html . September 16, 2015. Web

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Burial practices

September 17, 2015 bellan727

Burial Practices
Bella Nesbeth

What is the Afterlife?
• The Afterlife was were ancient Egyptians believed a person would go
When they died.
• To go to the afterlife a person’s body cannot decay
• In the afterlife a person will live the same life as they did alive

How is the brain removed from the body?
• To remove the brain from the body ancient Egyptians used hooks to Pull out the brain out through the nose.
• Metal hooks were used for the job

Where were the ancient Egyptian buried?
~Pharaohs were buried in pyramids and secret tomb~Poor people were Wrapped in old clothing and placed in sand

~Rich people were placed in wooden boxes, had a bland funeral and then were placed in the sand.

Image sources:

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/amenhotep_mourned2.html. 9/16.web
[Image]http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=115.9/16.web

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Religious Beliefs

September 17, 2015 aryann637

Religious Beliefs

Aryan Nair

Who was the god of the Judgement Hall of Osiris, and what did they do there?

Osiris was the god of the Judgement Hall of Osiris
Osiris and a group of gods decided if a person would have an afterlife.
They weighed heart against an ostrich feather, if it didn’t balance out they would give the heart to a monster.

Who were some gods who had an animal head and a human body?

Anubis had head of a jackal and the body of a human and he was the god of Necropolis

Horus was the god of the sky and he has the head of an eagle.
Hathor was the god looked over women and children and has the head of a cow and body of a human.
Thoth was god of writing and wisdom, he had head of ibis (bird) and human bodyWho could enter the temples of the gods?

Only Priests and Priestesses could enter temples
Temples home of god so nobody allowed except for the priests/priestesses
Priests and Priestesses make offerings and other religious ceremonies
Egyptians only saw statue of god on special occasions
Small structures built for prayer of EgyptiansWhy would people make homages for gods?

So that a family can please the god and then ask him for something that they need.
So that normal families can make offerings to god [Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/ram_abusimpel.html
[Image] http://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/ancient/enlarge/anubis-mural.html

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Religious beliefs

September 17, 2015 michaell972

Religious beliefs

Michael LaSasso

world cultures Picture world cultures Pic 2

How do the gods create and rule the world?

The Egyptians believed that the gods created and rule the world
Some gods are more important than others
Each god serves a particular purpose or need the keep the world in balance
Osiris, god of the dead, feeds hearts of deceased people that weigh more than an Ostrich feather to the monstrous Swallower.

How does each gods get a certain animal head?

Gods get their head by what they do in their life
Example Anubis has the head of a jackal because he is the god of necropolis which is represented by a jackal or the undead.
Horus the god of the sky had a head of a falcon because they fly.

Does each temple only allow certain people to enter the temple?

There are festivals to celebrate gods
On select occasions gods do not allow everybody in their temple, but usually they let everybody in
However there are small structures outside of the main temple area made for the common people.

What did commoners pay to let their gods and goddesses in their home?

Made offerings of food to the gods in their house
In return the gods protect them
The people asked the gods for kids
As well to keep the bad spirits away

Image Sources

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/soldiers_frieze.html.9/16/15.Web

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/ram_abusimpel.html. 9/16/15.Web

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Food and Drink

September 17, 2015 cherylc717

Food and Drink

Cheryl Chang

When and how did the farmers farm?

90%+ of the Egyptians spent most of their time farming
In November when the flooding subsided the farmers sow the fields usually in pairs
One farmer would scatter wheat or barley seeds as the other was behind with cattle drawing a plow
The crops were harvested in the summer with wooden sickles (a metal blade with a short wooden handle)
All of the farmers’ family has to help harvest the crops, including children

What did farmers grow for food and what meats did they eat and hunt?

Two important crops are wheat and barley because they were used to produce bread and beer, the most common food items
They also grew veggies such as onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers, and lettuce.
For meat, Egyptians raised cattle, hunted geese, ducks, cranes, and other wildfowl.
Cow milk was either a drink or made into cheese.
Eating pork was forbidden and certain types of fish were considered sacred, but people ate them anyway

What did the different classes eat?

Lower class ate simple meals
Laborer’s meal include veggies, fish, bread, and water or beer to drink
Upper class ate wide variety of food
Upper class banquet might consist of fish, pigeon stew, kidneys, quail, ribs of beef, bread rolls, small round cakes, some cherry-like fruit, stewed figs, cheese, and wine and beer to drink
[Image.]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/food.htm. September 16, 2015. Web.
[Image.]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html.September 16, 2015. Web.

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Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 alyssaz396

Domestic Life

Alyssa Zolfo

P1.What did Egyptians do for Marriage?

Strong sense of family and often married within the family or social class.
A marriage was not a formal legal or religious ceremony.
A marriage started when the man and women set up a household together.
Divorce happened when people separated after being together for a while.
After a divorce, the couples were allowed to re-marry.
P2.In Egypt, what was the women’s role in a Family?
- A women’s social position depended on her father/husbands social status.
- Women in upper class had different lives than the women in lower class.
- Women of nobility/important officials, rise kids, household, servants.
- Upper lass did little or no manual work.
- Women- lower classes raise kids,cook, clean, and make clothes, work in field
- P3.Did Women have the same rights as men in Egypt?
  - Women had individual rights.
  - Could own/rent properties.
  - Share equally in inheritance by father/husband.
  - In laws, women were equal to men.
  - Entitled to bring charges and court.
  - Were in charge of own actions/had to answer in court.
  - P4.What did Children do in Egypt
  - Married at young age. 12 –girls 15 – boy
  - Kids who didn’t attend school took part in daily activities.
  - Kid’s play leapfrog, tug of war, and board game called senate.
  - Children also played with balls, toy animals, and dolls.
  - Boys pretended to be soldiers.
  - Girls played games involving dancing.
  - Egypt kids died before 5 years old.
  - Kids were accepted as full members of society, when reached puberty.

IMAGES

[image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/utensils/index.html.september12,2015.Web

[image] http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/games.htm.september12,2015.Web

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Adorning The Body

September 17, 2015 charlotteh459

Adorning the Body

Charlotte Hook

What were the clothes like in Egypt?

The Egyptians clothing is made out of a light simple material called linen.
Weavers make linen from plant fibers flax.
Men-long cloth wrapped around their body and a plain shirt over their head.
Women-long skirts or sleeveless dresses with a shawl or piece of cloth.
Wealthy could afford dyes for their clothes yellow and gold colored

Why did Egyptians wear Jewelry and what was it made of?

Wore Jewelry for the purpose of it being decorative but also for magical purposes.
Pieces of Jewelry worn as amulets or charms, thought to protect wearer.
Valuable jewelry was made of gold and semiprecious stones like carnelian, and turquoise.

What are some things that Egyptians did to their hair?

Dyed their hair.
Used henna which is a red dye made from powdered plant leaves.
Others would cut their hair very short or even shave it off.
Wealthy people wore elaborate wigs made from human hair.
Tied cones of animal fat to their wigs when melted good scent.

Why did Egyptians wear cosmetics?

Adorned themselves both for fashion and protection from the weather.
Used perfumed oils which softened their hands/ helped it to not burn and crack in the desert climate
Outlined their eyes with black kohl which is a substance of lead mixed with water.
Made their eyes looked larger and protected them from the glare of the sun.
Had antibacterial properties some of these would even help the wearer be protected from diseases.

Image Sources

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/nefertari_tomb.html 9-16-15.Web

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/ 9-16-15.Web

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 alexg543

Writing and Education

Alex Goldstein

What did scribes do in Ancient Egypt?

Record Keepers
Worked in Government and Religious positions
Administer the laws
Collect taxes
Supervise government projects
Worked at Pharos Palace

What were scribes?

Educated by priests
Learned to read and right hieroglyphics
Many students learned a simpler system called hieratic
Egyptians used hieroglyphics for lots of the writing

What was school like?

School day could last from sunrise to sundown
Teachers were harsh and sometimes physically beat students
Spent for years practicing on tablets before being entrusted with papyrus

What different positions for scribes were there?

Record Keepers
Worked in Government and Religious positions
Administer the laws
Collect taxes
Supervise government projects
Worked at Pharaohs Palace
When on military expeditions
Measured the Nile River
Kept track of food and grain supply
Kept track of taxes

Photo Sources

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/RMO/sr_1.jpg. September 16, 2015. Web

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/EMC/EM-7059-S4-SR9092-2_800x800.jpg. September 16, 2015. Web

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Adorning the Body

September 17, 2015 simrans544

Adorning the Body

Simran Saini

What did Ancient Egyptians wear, and what material was it made out of?

-They wore simple clothes made from linen, which was from fiber flax plants.

-Children wore simple loincloths and tunic dresses.

– Egyptian men wore cloth lengths on their waists and normal shirts.

-Women wore long skirts, dresses without sleeves, and shawls.

-Wealthy Egyptians wore the same, but with colors from dyes.

Why was jewelry so important to Ancient Egyptians?

-Jewelry was decorative and magical to Egyptians.

-Stones like carnelian, lapis lazuli, & turquoise was jewelry worth lots of value.

-Ancient Egyptians wore normal jewelry, but they had chest pieces (pectorals.)

-Jewelry supposedly protected them from getting hurt, but that was just a myth.

What kind of hairstyles did Ancient Egyptians use?

-Some died their hair with henna, a red dye.

-Most were bald, or had super short hair.

-Wealthy Egyptians had wigs to wear.

-People tied cones of scented animal fat and let the fat melt on to their hat leaving a scent.

What did Ancient Egyptians use for cosmetics?

-They used perfumed oil on their skin to keep it from burning in the desert.

-They used malachite (a stone) on their eyes.

-Kohl was lead ore mixed with water, and was used to protect eyes from the sun.

-There was a myth that some of these protected them from diseases.

(image)http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/crowns/earrings.jpg.9/16/15.web

(image)http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/spinners2.jpg.9/16/15.web

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Crafts and Trade

September 17, 2015 colef061

Crafts and Trade

Cole Fekete

What did artists and craftspeople work as and what did they use?

Worked for the pharaohs, members of wealthy families, or for the temple.
They worked as sandal makers, stone carvers, leather workers, metalworkers, sculptors, weavers, carpenters, jewelers, potters, and painters.
They would use simple tools to produce all these goods.
Worked for the pharaohs, members of wealthy families, or for the temple.

Who were the craftspeople?
- Males and many were taught to be craftspeople when they were young.
- Went to school at the pharaoh’s along with the royal children.
- Master craftspeople had a high status in society as they worked for royal and wealthy families.

Where and what did they trade?

Their crafts and resources with other countries near or far.
Egypt traded goods such as grain, gold, copper, linen, gemstones, and various minerals
The cities along the Nile had made for great trading centers.
[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/nef_tomb_crafts.html .9/16/2015.Web

[Image] http://www.akhet.co.uk/jewel.htm .9/16/2015.Web

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Housing

September 17, 2015 runyont781

Housing

Runyon Tyler

Where did Egyptians live?

A lot of ancient Egyptians lived in villages and town located on the Nile valley.

Lower class people lived in small houses and wealthier Egyptians lived in bigger, fancier houses.
Royal families and other government officials lived in bigger cities.

How where buildings and houses made?

Tombs, temples, and monuments in ancient Egypt were made out of stone.
Houses for the pheasants and for the wealthy were made out of mud bricks. They got the mud from the Nile.
To create mud bricks laborers carved mud in rectangular molds and set them out to dry to become sturdy and hard.
These houses were made facing north to allow the calm northern wind to enter and flow through the houses providing cool air for the Egyptians.
The wealthy people had houses which were plastered and painted.

What were ancient Egyptians houses like?

Very poor people only had a few table and a bed to spare.

Most people sat on the ground, mats, or cushions.
The wealthy Egyptians had houses usually built around a central courtyard.
Very few wealthy Egyptians had a tree shaded pool, flowers, and bushes.

These wealthy house usually contained a large central hall, bedrooms, a bathroom, and a kitchen with servant quarters.• The wealthy Egyptians had stools, tables, beds, chests, pots and lamps.Image sources:
They went to the bathroom in a hole.

[Image]https://5ch.wikispaces.com/Egyptian+tribal+life.Sept 16, 2015.Web.

[Image]http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html.Sept 16, 2015.Web.

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Medicine

September 17, 2015 jrc223

Medicine

JR Cobb

What were some common plants used in medicine?

Doctors often used Juniper Berries for purification.
- Cool Fact: Juniper Berries aren’t really berries… They are cones to hold the pollen, but with a roof with a small hole, so it looks like a berry!
They also used Lotus for decorating and healing.
Henna was also used for dying the skin and hair, and supposedly had the power to ward off danger.
Lastly, Garlic was used in burial, and was thought to have the power to repel snakes and get rid of tapeworms.

The House of Life is a very special place. What is the House of Life?

The house of life is where ancient Egyptian doctors studied medicine.
- There was a house of life at Abydos, Akhmim, Esna, Edfu, Koptos, Memphis, and Akhetaten, but only the last one was confirmed as a House of Life by archeologists.
The House of Life also contained a library, where people could go to refer to ancient writings.

The ancient Egyptians had very specific ways of doctoring. What were these ways?

The ancient Egyptians applied bandages and stitches to wounds, but they never performed surgery.
- Why they never performed surgery is unknown.
They used magic and medicine, and often used a magician to cast spells.

Image Sources:

[Image] http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/cosmetics.htm. 9/16/15. Web.

[Image] http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/smithpapyrus.htm. 9/16/15. Web.

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Social Classes

September 17, 2015 brianw713

Social Classes

Brian Wei

What is the ancient Egyptian society?

The Ancient Egyptian society is set up like a pyramid – social Pyramid
There are many levels in the social pyramid

Who is the pharaoh?

The pharaoh is the most powerful person in ancient Egyptian society
The pharaoh is known as the lord of the two lands
Almost everything belongs to the pharaoh

What is a scribe?

Scribes went to scribal school to learn to read and write.
Scribes are in a high position in ancient Egyptian social society
They start scribal school at five.
The teachers were very strict to make the students work hard.

Who were below the Scribes?

Artists, craftspeople, and other skilled workers
They created furniture, jewelry, and cloth

What group of people were at the bottom of the social pyramid?

The largest class – laborers.
Most were farmers
They did other government building projects like irrigation systems, pyramids, and temples because of inundation.

[Images]https://aic-humanties.wikispaces.com/Ancient+Egypt . September 16, 2015. Web

[Images]http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news,399820,did-the-pharaohs-know-hieroglyphic-writing—polish-egyptologist-explains.html. September 16, 2015. Web

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 Raiya Patel

Writing and Education

Raiya Patel

What did Scribes do for the ancient Egyptian society?

Official record keeper
Performed various jobs for the government and religious institutions
Administered laws, collected taxes, and supervised government projects
Worked at Pharaoh’s palace
Travel with members of the court to keep a record of events
High achieved Scribes may earn high ranks and honors and be financially rewarded

What are hieroglyphs? Who taught it to them?

The curriculum in school that they learned
Hieroglyphs took years to master
Priests taught Scribes to read and write hieroglyphs

How did school masters teach and how strict were they?

School masters treated students harshly
Very strict
Students may be scolded if the student is not paying attention
May be physically punished if the student is not doing what they are supposed to be

What did Scribes do if they finished their education?

Measure the rise of the Nile River
Could go on military expeditions
Can travel to cities and villages to keep track of tax records
Kept record for grain and food supply
Also kept a census

Image Sources:

[Images]http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/KMKG-MRAH/BrE.5043%283%29.jpg.September 16^th, 2015.Web.

[Image]http://www.hollanders.com/index.php/papyrus-light.html.Spetember 16ht, 2015.Web.

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Daily Life – Adoring the Body

September 17, 2015 meaghanb111

Daily life- Adoring the Body

Meaghan Bates

Hair

Egyptians dyed their hair with henna.
Usually if you didn’t dye your hair you would shave it or cut it short.
Rich Egyptians would wear wigs.
People tied cones made of animal fat to perfume themselves.

Cosmetics
The more rich you are the better the materials in your cosmetics are.
Cosmetics in Egypt were used for fashion and protection from weather.
They outlined their eyes with black kohl to make their eyes look bigger.
They also wore perfumed oils to soften their skin and keep their skin from burning and cracking in the desert weather.
Science some of the cosmetics had antibacterial substances it helped them from getting diseases.
Clothes
If you were rich in Egypt you would bleach your clothes white so people thought you had a lot of money so my clothes are a cleaner color.
They used to have dyer workshops to color your clothes in Egypt.
The Egyptians liked to wear light and bland clothing.
For most of the Egyptians clothes were made out of a cloth called linen.
The rich and poor Egyptians wore similar clothing. The only big difference was that the poor people’s clothes were white and the rich people’s clothes were all different colors because they could afford dye.
Men wore long cloth around their waist and a plain shirt slipped over their heads.
Women wore long skirts or sleeveless dresses.

Jewelry

Men and Women wore jewelry. Also you didn’t have to be rich to have and wear jewelry.
Egyptians wore jewelry for magical proposes too.
If you wore an amulet it was supposed to keep the wearer away from harm.
The most favorite stones that were used for jewelry were blue lapis, red carnelian, and greenish blue turquoise.

Citations

(Image)<http://www.touregypt.net/historicalessays/lifeinEgypt9.htm> 9/16/15. Web.Women of Ancient Egypt Anne Wallace Sharp 2005 Thomas Gale Print Dollinger, Andrehttp://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html 9/16/15 WebWas used for both picturesCitations:

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Daily life-Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 Emma Hughes

Daily Life- Domestic Life

Emma Hughes

Main idea: Children’s lives

Many children died at a very young age, therefore they were not considered a member of the community until they hit puberty.
Children who did not attend school played a variety of games explained in more detail in the “life at home section.”

Main idea: Marriage, and Divorce

Marriage existed when a man and a woman moved in together in a new home.
No special event, or ceremony for marriage.
Divorce occurs when two people who have been living together separate, and live in two separate homes.

Main idea: Women’s roles
The amount of labor a women is to do is determined by their class
Lower class women-
Work more
Take part in the work of…
Caring for children. Cook, and clean the family’s home. Make the family’s clothing. During certain seasons, women were expected to help the men in the fields.
Higher class women are responsible for…
Running the household
Overseeing servants
Caring for children

Main idea: Life at home

Leisure time
Games in the Egyptian setting include Leapfrog, tug of war, and a popular board game called Senet
Hunting was popular, especially on rivers, such as the Nile. People considered hunting a sport, as they preyed upon river animal such as water birds, hippopotamuses, and crocodiles.
For families, parties were popular, and everyone enjoyed a good celebration. At the events, there were many people. There was drinks, and entertainment, including

Citations:

(Image)http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/images/senet.jpg. 9/16/15. WEB.

(Image)http://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/2/21701778/21701778_launch1.jpg. 9/16/15/ WEB

Fiona Chandler Usborne World History Ancient World Scholastic INC.1999 print

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Daily Life – Social Classes

September 17, 2015 davidh176

Pharaoh

The pharaoh was always the most important and highest person in social classes of the ancient Egyptian times.
He owned all of the land and maintain total control.
The pharaoh would travel from each of his many temples in Egypt to make sure that everything was running smoothly.
Pharaohs always had the assistance of nobles, priests, and government officials.
- In exchange though, pharaohs gave his “helpers” small pieces of land for their acts of service.
- Scribes
People became scribes after they attended school to learn to read and write.
Parents wanted their children attending these schools because becoming a scribe was a common way to become rich and wealthy.
There were three levels of schools that you could attend .
- If you were wealthy and noble, you could attend the royal palace to be educated with the royal children.
- If you were middle class, you could go to temple schools or village schools.
Scribes were employed to write legal documents throughout the country of Egypt.
Artists, carpenters, and more skilled workers
Artists and painters created art for the royal palace and also for other middle class citizens.
Carpenters created furniture for the royal palace.
Other common workers were for example jewelers that created many of the necklaces and earrings we see today.
Laborers
This was the largest and lowest social class in ancient Egyptian times.
Many of them were farmers, but during flooding season they couldn’t work.
- Instead they helped the government build temples, pyramids, and other buildings.
They also made large irrigation systems for the government from the Nile.

Citations

(Image) http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/people/social_classes.htm. 9/16/15. Web.

(Image) http://www.ushistory.org/civ/3b.asp. 9/16/15. Web.

Harris, Geraldine. Ancient Egypt. Equinox Publishing. 1990.

Harvey, Gill. Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Usborne Publishing. 2001.

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Daily Life-Crafts and Trade

September 17, 2015 nikhils564

Daily Life- Crafts and Trade

By: Nikhil Shetty

Different types of craftspeople and what they made

There are different types of craftspeople and they made different things. Some of the main craftspeople were sandal maker, stone carvers, leather workers, metalworkers, sculptors, weavers, carpenters, jewelers, potters, and painters.
Some of the things they created were statues made of bronze, glass, and clay.
They also made jewelry with gold and stones.
Some of the materials they used were stone, clay, plant matter like wood and fibers, animal matter; bone, ivory, feathers. They soon also started making things with metals such as gold, silver, copper, tin, bronze, and finally iron.

What they traded

They traded the statues that they made of bronze, glass, and clay
Also, they traded jewelry made of gold and stones as well as highly finished furniture
Grains, gold, copper, linen, gemstones, and various minerals were materials that were exchanged
They received things like timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead
They never traded for currency or coins

How craftsmen were brought up and trained. Also selected

Most craftspeople were men
They were mainly taught at a young age because of the skill required to make the items they mad.
When they were taught, they were often went to school at Pharaoh’s palace with royal children

Trading with different civilizations

Some countries they traded with was Lebanon, Afghanistan, central Africa, Syria, Crete, and Mesopotamia
The Egyptian’s were the wealthiest country of that time
When they traded, they received items they lacked like timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead
Cities that were right along the Nile were the best for trading as they could take a boat to many different places to trade.

Citations:

(Image).http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/images/life43.jpg.9/16/15.Web.

(Image).http://egypt-trade.wikidot.com/local–resized-images/start/Cedar%20Wood.jpg/thumbnail.jpg.9/16/15.Web.

Hamilton R.Ancient Egypt: The Kingdom of the Pharaohs. Parragon Publishing.2007.Print

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Daily Life- Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 laural610

Laura Lupton-Smith

Marriage

The Ancient Egyptians usually married someone in their social class or in their extended family. They got to choose who they got to marry.
There was no formal legal or religious marriage ceremony but often a scribe would draw a contract showing that they were married.
A marriage for the Ancient Egyptians was when a man and a woman set up a household together; there was no wedding.
Divorce was legal and it happened when couples who lived together now wanted to separate. However, they were allowed to remarry.
The Egyptians were married at a very young age, usually around 12 for girls and 14 for boys.

Women’s Social Structure

A women’s social position depended on her father’s and then her husband’s social position.
Women in the Upper Class were usually wives of the nobility and the important government officials. They were responsible for running their house, raising their children and overseeing the servants. Those women did no manual work.
The Lower Class women were also responsible for raising their children but they were expected to cook, clean and make their family’s clothes. In busy seasons they had to work in the fields with their husbands

Women’s Rights

All women in Ancient Egypt could rent or own their own property and they could inherent whatever was left for them.
Women were always equal to men in the law. They always spoke for themselves in court.
Women were also entitled to give the judge their opinion and they could give charges to the guilty person or persons in court.

Child Life

Children in Ancient Egypt played games such as: leapfrog, tug of war and a very popular game called Senet. Senet was a game where players battled against forces of evil to reach the underworld kingdom of a God called Osiris.
Many Egyptian children died at a very young age often because of diseases.
Children in Ancient Egypt played with dolls, balls, and toy animals, like us in the United States.

Citations

(Image) https://genderegyptant3145-fall11brittanniwyatt.wikispaces.com/ 9/16/15. Web.

(Image) http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub365/item1926.html. 9/16/15. Web.

Jim Whiting Life Along the Ancient Nile. RefrencePoint Press Inc. 2013. Print.

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Daily Life- Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 zackw765

Daily Life – Burial Practices

Zack Woodcock

Embalming

After they were removed organs were put in jars called canopic jars made of lime stone.

In the process of embalming first the priest would Remove the organs

Next they would remove the person’s brain through their nose. Then the body is placed in a coffin covered in natron for 40 days

Next to clean the body the priest has to wash, oil, and wrap the body in several hundred yards of fabric.

Finally the body is covered in Momia and put into a coffin

Wealthy vs poor

People who could afford one just had a simple funeral and were buried in a wooden coffin.

When a pharaoh died very special treatment was used. There were entire boats built to carry the pharaohs to help protect the body.

Grave Robbers

Sometimes thieves would break into tombs to steal all the riches that pharaohs were buried with.

Egyptians sometimes buried pharaohs in secret locations to prevent their graves from being broken into.

Although hundreds have been found some Pharaohs tombs still haven’t been found.

Rituals

The heart is the only organ left in the dead people. When burying someone the priest wears the mask of the jackal headed god Anubis.

The dead were buried with items they could use in the afterlife like food drink and even everyday items like games or mirrors

Citations:

(image). http://www.crystalinks.com/canopic2.gif. 9/16/15.Web

(image). http://www.crystalinks.com/mummy_egypt300.jpg. 9/15/15.Web

PBS.Website.MissingTombsofthepharaohs.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/missing-tombs-pharaohs.html.9/16/15.Web

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Daily Life – Religious Belifs

September 17, 2015 matthewh965

Daily Life –Religion and Beliefs

Matthew Handelsman

Egyptian Gods

Egyptians believed that their gods has created and ruled the world.
Each god served its own purpose but some were more important than others.
One of the most important gods was Osiris. He was the god of the underworld which is where people go when they die.
Some other famous gods are Horus god of the sky and Isis god of protection of the living and dead.

Appearance of Gods

Some Gods had normal bodies with animal heads.
A famous one was Anubis who had the body of a human and the head of a jackal
He was the god of necropolis were Egyptians believed bodies were prepared for the afterlife.
Thoth was another famous on who had the head of an ibis (a bird) and he was the god of knowledge and writing.

Temples

Egyptians believed that temples were the Earth homes of gods and goddesses.
Except for a few special occasions only priest and priestesses were allowed into the temples.
On important festivals a statue of the god was carried to the most sacred place of the temple.
Only on these occasions were common people allowed to enter the outer court yards of the temple in order to watch the ceremony.
Small structures built outside the temple were dedicated to the prayers of common people.

Religion at Home

Common people paid homage to the god in their homes as well.
Most people had a small are in their house were they could make offerings to local gods.
People honored gods for things like having a child as well as to keep bad things away and the spirits of the dead.

Citations: (Image).http://witcombe.sbc.edu/sacredplaces/images/abusimbel.gif.9/16/15.Web

(Image).http://www.thenileandegypt.com/images/ancientgods.gif.9/16/15.web

Bunson, Margaret. A Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press.1991.print

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Daily Life – Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 alekhp606

Daily Life- Writing and Education

Alekh Palakurthi

Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics were very difficult to learn.
The Rosetta stone was translated by a French man named Champollion.
Hieroglyphics were the most important way of writing in Ancient Egypt.
Champollion was not the only one that helped discover the secrets of the Rosetta stone. He had many people who helped, including a man named Thomas Young.

Student Life

Students were taken from all forms and classes of society to learn.
Students were severely punished if they were not willing to learn.
They would be learning sometimes for very long times, sunrise to sunset even.

Scribal Work

Scribes would do tasks for the Pharaoh like making tax records and keeping track of food records. They also kept census.
Scribes earned respect and high financial rewards, for their work was highly respected.
Scribes could usually write in most of the Ancient Egyptian ways.
Famous scribes accomplished many things. Famous viziers were often scribes. Some scribes were even considered as gods.

Scribal Students

Scribal students spent a long time learning the different writing styles in Egypt.
They used tablets and papyrus.
They eventually helped scribes to make their learning faster.

Citations:

(Image). http://discoveringegypt.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/hiero1.jpg.9-16-15.Web

(Image). http://www.ancientcivilizations.co.uk/writing/egypt/images/bo_whole.jpg .9-16-15.Web

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Food and Drink

September 17, 2015 emilyw693

Food and Drink

By: Emily Wang

How did the Egyptians farm?

-November after flooding farmers start planting

– Began planting millet, wheat, and barley

-Farmer followed behind with cattle drawing plow

– Used pigs to walk over ground

-Crops harvested following April

– Used metal blades with short wooden handles to harvest

-Grew more than needed so that they could sell

What types of food did the Egyptians grow/hunt for their food?

¯ wheat and barley (Used to make bread and beer), millet

¯ Also vegetables: Onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers, lettuce

¯ Hunted animals: Cattle, geese, ducks, cranes, other wildfowl

¯ Cows provided milk to drink or make into cheese

¯ Pork and certain sacred fish was forbidden, people still ate them

¯ In addition to beer the wealthy class also drank wine, made out of grapes grown in the Nile Delta

What were the differences between the lower class’s meals and the upper class’s meals?

¯ Lower class ate simple meals

¯ Upper class choices had a wide selection of different types of foods

¯ Laborers meals include vegetables, fish, bread, water or beer to drink

¯ Banquets for the upper class include pigeon stew, quail, bread rolls, stewed figs, cheese, and choice of wine, beer, or water

-most drank beer

Food and Feasts in Ancient Egypt by Richard Balkwill (book)

[Image]http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/04/agriculture-in-ancient-Egypt5.jpg?resize=598%2C401. September 16, 2015. i0.wp.com

[Image] http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/multimedia/dynamic/00260/P43_Egyptian_farmer_260488k.jpg. September 16, 2015. thesundaytimes.co.uk

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Daily Life-Warfare

September 17, 2015 milesl768

Daily Life-Warfare

Miles Lubas

Soldiers

Egypt military played an important role in peacetime and in war.
Egypt had a standing army of soldiers that worked full time. They were stationed throughout the entire empire.
Egypt also had mercenaries, which were usually from distant lands that were payed to fight. The actual cost of what it was to have a mercenary fight for you was unknown. Guesses can only be made.
When Egypt needed to send an army into battle, the pharaoh would take one out of every ten men who worked in the temples to aid the army.
The Egyptians did not have one main strategy. Although Ramesses the Second once led four divisions named after gods to fight against the city of Kadesh. They waited for a while to attack and surprised them and were able to win the battle.

Companies and Divisions

The Egyptian army was organized into divisions and companies.
A company had about 200 foot soldiers while a division had almost 5,000 soldiers.
A captain lead each company, and he carried a staff topped with the companies’ emblem to show his importance.
A general or a lieutenant led a division. Each division marched under a flag which had a picture of their main god on it.
The general of each army would report to the king what had happened during the battle or whatever they had been doing.

Weapons

The Egyptian army and navy used lots of different weapons in battle.
The infantry used javelins for throwing, daggers, short curved swords, spears, maces, and axes in close combat.
In order to protect themselves, they used shields. These were made out of rawhide.
Others were wooden and rectangular. They were curved at the top and covered with leather and turtle shell. The soldiers also had headgear made out of paddled caps.
Soldiers had to wear protective gear, but under all of that they wore a leather triangular kilt which was a protective garment. Coats of chain mail were very rare and worn usually only by the king
Over the years, weapons changed, for example the axe. The blades became shorter with a more narrow edge. Arrows also evolved. They started to be made of reed.
Although the Egyptians used lots of traditional weapons, they did import a few from nearby countries or people.
One example of an imported weapon was the khepesh also known as a sickle sword.

Chariots

Sometimes soldiers fought in chariots, which were horse drawn carriages that had two wheels. Each chariot drawn by two horses.
In each chariot, there were two soldiers. A driver and an archer.
The driver wore a leather or bronze helmet and leather body armor for protection, while the archer had a bow and a few javelins for throwing.
The chariots served as mobile fighting platforms which archers used to attack the enemy. Someone with a sword would do no good since it was not close combat.
Each squadron had about 25 chariots commanded by a “Charioteer of the Residence.”
Since the horses were small, there was no cavalry.
The royal stable master was in high respect, since it was usually his horses that would lead the chariots. The Egyptians would sometimes capture horses from foreign campaigns if they were low on them.
Other stable masters that worked for the main stable master fed, cleaned, and made the horses exercise to keep them ready for battle.
Chariots were most likely introduced to the Egyptians by the Hyksos. The Egyptians later made more improved chariots which they would later use to overthrow them and other establishments.

Citations:

(Image). http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/war1.jpg 9/15/16.Web.

(Image). http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/war3.jpg.9/15/16.Web.

David, Rosalie. Ancient Egypt. Infobase Publishing.2003. Print.

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Religious Beliefs

September 17, 2015 leahb785

Leah Bezuayehu

egypt pic 2

What did the gods look like look like?

Some where all human while there are others that have the head of an animal and body of a human.
Thoth was one of those kinds of gods he was part human and part ibis (type of bird
Also Anubis had the body of a human and head of a jackal

The most important gods are:

The most important ones were Ra the sun god, and Osiris the god of the underworld.
These gods were important because they made the sun go up and the moon go up every day
They did have other important gods but these were the most important god

The people of ancient Egypt offerings

They make offerings to their gods
They ask for blessings
They give them jewelry

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Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 davids150

Burial Practices

David Salinas

What did they have to do in order to prepare the dead person’s spirit/ ka to enjoy the afterlife?

person’s body was prepared in a certain way
body can’t decay/ fall apart
egyptians developed process (embalming)

What are the several steps to preserving a dead body?

priests remove all organs that are inside the body except heart
placed organs in pottery or limestone container (canopic jar)
removed the brain by hooking it through the nostrils
put the body in wooden box and covered it with salt (natron-dries body)
In 40 days, priests washed, oiled, and wrapped body in several hundred yards of fabric
sometimes spread black, gooey substance (momia) over body

What did the Ancient Egyptians do after burying the dead body?

left food, drink, gold, jewelry, clothes, games, and mirrors) with the bodies
had different burial ceremonies for poor and wealthier people
Poor- usually not embalmed, most wrapped in discarded clothing, buried ground
Poor who could afford it- simple funeral ceremony, laid in plain wooden box- buried in sand or cave
Wealthy- held more elaborate ceremonies, buried their dead in tombs
Pharaohs- priests laid body in coffin- placed in large stone container (sarcophagus,) surrounded with treasures
Pharaohs in early times- buried in pyramids
Pharaohs later- buried in temples/secret locations to prevent people from breaking into sites to steal treasures

Image Resources

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/ahmose_father.html September 16, 2015. Web.
[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=139 September 16, 2015. Web

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Music & Dance

September 17, 2015 andrewh509

Music & Dance

Andrew Holland

What occasions were music and dance preformed at?
Music and dance were performed at the crowning of the pharaoh and public festivals
Music and dance is entertaining
Music & dance was a celebration
Music & dance were also performed at private festivals
Why did the royals like music and dance?
The royals liked music & dance because the royals liked fun; and music and dance is fun.
In addition it is not work; the royals did not do work; it was a way to show that they were separate, and therefore better
The royals supported them because they could be entertained
Why weren’t there 50-50 boys and girls as artists?
It was a good chance for them to work
It was entertainment, so women probably enjoyed it
The men were mostly working outside the hut

Image Citations:

[Image] http://www.utahloy.com/m6egypttech/muu2.htm September 16, 2015

[Image] http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptmusic.html September 16, 2015

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Medicine

September 17, 2015 benp977

Medicine

Ben Parker

How did the Egyptians learn to be a doctor?

Attend special schools after they completed general education
Learned the symptoms of diseases
Learned how to treat those diseases
Understand the organs and structure of body
Had to know how to use pulse to determine a person’s health

How did the doctors cure the problems the Egyptians had?

Used magic, medicine, or both
Had many treatments
Had treatments for tumors, eye problems, snake bites, and more

What techniques were used to help a baby be born safely and stay healthy?

Relied on magic from the gods rather than medicine
Relied on gods to help the mother give birth safely
Relied on gods to protect children from diseases
Midwife would usually attach charms to the child’s body to invoke gods
Washed baby in Nile for protection after they are born

Image Sources:

[Image] http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/medicine.htm. September 16, 2015. Web.
[Image} http://piccionep.people.cofc.edu/history370/. September 16, 2015. Web.

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Warfare

September 17, 2015 Sanjna's Blog

Warfare

Sanjna Jotwani

How was the Egyptian army organized?

Army made up of mercenaries–soldiers who were paid to fight from other lands.
Army was organized into companies and divisions.
Company was made of 200 soldiers
Captain led each company with staff topped with the company’s emblem.
Division was made of 5,000 soldiers
Lieutenant or general led each division under the banner of its local god.

What weapons did the Ancient Egyptians use in battle?

The infantry, or foot soldiers used javelins (long spears for throwing long distances), daggers, short curved swords.
To protect themselves they used shields made of rawhide (stiff untanned leather) and wore head gear made of padded caps.
Some soldiers fought in wooden, horse drawn chariots. The chariots served as movable firing platforms
Two soldiers rode in each chariot, The archer was armed with bow and arrow, and javelins
Driver wore a leather or bronze helmet and leather body armor

What are some other jobs soldiers worked outside of the military?

During peacetime soldiers worked on jobs outside of military
Examples: build and design, create and craft objects to sell, dig irrigation (to bring water to crops) canals. sometimes as a laborer

[Image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/knife_of_gebel_el_arak/index.html.September 16, 2015.Web

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/soldiers_frieze.html,. September 16, 2015. Web

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Social Classes

September 17, 2015 alexl169

Social Classes

Alex Lim

What are the social classes that made up ancient Egyptian society?

The pharaoh was on the top of the social ladder.
Then the members of the royal family, nobles and government officials.
Then came the Priests and Priestesses,
Next the scribes
Then the skilled workers and artists.
The largest and poorest group was the laborers.

What was the pharaoh in charge of?

He owned all the land and had complete control over the people.
Still needed help from the military advisors, the powerful nobles
Sometimes rewarded loyal nobles with gifts of land to keep their support.
Priests looked after the pharaoh’s temples and held religious ceremonies.

Why did parents want their children to become scribes?

Becoming a scribe was a way that a common person could become wealthy and powerful
- Takes 10 years of training to become a scribe.
- Scribes recorded important documents for the pharaoh.

What did the craftspeople make?

Made furniture jewelry cloth for the pharaoh and other members of royalty.

Jewelry such as headdresses, collar necklaces, bangles, and bead collars.

What did the Laborers do?

Laborers spent most of their time raising and selling crops.
During flood season, Farming was not possible, laborers worked on government building projects: irrigation systems, pyramids, and temples.

Flood season is from June to October

Image Sources

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/farming_deir_tombs.html. September 16 2015.Web

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/nef_tomb.html. September 16 2015.Web

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Religious Beliefs

September 17, 2015 jamesp533

Religious Beliefs

James Paden

Who were these gods and what did they do?

There were 2 really important gods and they were Osiris and Anubis
Osiris was the god of he under world
His job was to weigh the dead people’s hearts to an ostridge feather and if it leveled out then that person had eternal life, but if it didn’t then it would be fed to the swallower.
Anubis was the god of the necropolis
He was to prepare the dead people for the afterlife.

What were these temples and what purpose did they serve?

They were the earthly homes of the Gods and Goddesses.
Only priests and priestesses could enter the temple.
When there were gods in the temples the priests were there to take care of the statues and make sure that they are well.

Why did the people payed their gods that lived in their homes?

Many people had a small area where they could make offerings to the gods to protect them.
People honored the gods for having a child or keeping the bad spirits out.
Image Sources
[Image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/index.html September 16^th 2015 Web.
[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/ September 16^th 2015 Web.

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Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 milesr613

Domestic Life

Miles Ramee

What happened instead of a marriage in ancient Egypt?

* A women and a man started living together

* No Ceremony

* Couples could divorce which was when they stopped living together

* Divorced marriages were allowed to re-marry

What were the differences between upper and lower class women?

*Upper class women did no manual work

*Lower class women did the same jobs but also cooked, cleaned the house, and made clothes.

*The lower class sometimes worked in the fields.

What rights did women have?

*They could rent or buy property

*They could inherit money

*They could call charges against someone

*And were responsible for their own actions

Why were Egyptian children not required to go to school at a young age?

*Egyptian children typically died young

*They would only be accepted into society when they hit puberty

*They didn’t need experience at a job when they got married.

Image Citations

[Image]http://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/2/21701778/ September, 16, 2015,Web.

[Image] http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptianwomen.html September, 16, 2015, Web.

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Housing In Ancient Egypt

September 17, 2015 sonias981

Housing

Sonia Shah

Where did the Ancient Egyptians live?

They lived in the towns and villages
In the Nile valley
The poorer people lived in houses wedged in between the wealthier people’s houses.
All the houses were made out of mud bricks
Royal families and government officials lived in larger cities, though still in the Nile Valley
The larger cities were the centers of trade and government business

What were temples, tombs, monuments and houses made up of?

Temples, tombs, and monuments were made up of stone so they would last for eternity
Egyptian homes were made of mud bricks; they got the mud rom the Nile
To make the mud bricks they would shape the mud into rectangular molds and leave them outside in the sun to bake

What type of furniture did the people have?

Poorer people had very few furniture pieces, the most they usually had were a table and two beds
The poor people usually sat on a mattress or cushion
Wealthy people were very large, sometimes two stories high
For light they had many lamps, and for natural light they could not use windows because they were not made of glass so they used the slats instead.

Image Sources

[Image] http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/furniture.htm September 16, 2015 Web

[Image] http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/headrest.html September 16, 2015 Web

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Abdoring the body

September 17, 2015 calebc240

Adorning the body

Caleb Cotronis

How did they make the clothing and how did they dress?

Men wore a shirt that was made of a soft linen from plant fibers flax
Men also wore a length of cloth that rapped around the man’s waist
Women wore long skirts or sleeveless dresses sometimes topped by a square cloth used as a shawl
The wealthy people wore the same stuff as the peasants but made of a better cloth
Wealthy people could also afford dyes so their clothes would be a gold or yellow color.
Why did everyone wear jewelry?
Decorative and magical purposes
Some worn as amulets or charms were believed to protect the wearer from harm
Gold and semiprecious stones such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, and turquoise were used to create very valuable pieces
Egyptians wore Earrings, broad collars with strands of beads, pectorals on chest, bracelets, armbands, rings and anklets.

How did they wear their hair?

Dyed hair red from henna made from powered leaf plants
Cut hair very short or shaved off
Wealthy people owned wigs made from human hair
As added adornment people tied cones of scented animal fat or perfumed pomades to their wigs
Fat would slide down the wig giving off an attractive scent

What cosmetics did they wear?

perfumed oils to soften the skin and keep it from burning and cracking hot climate
Colored eyelids with a green substance made from a soft stone called malachite
They outlined eye with black kohl a substance of lead ore mixed with water they wore this to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun and make the eyes look bigger it also help the wearer not get diseases

[Image]http://www.onlinejewelryclass.biz/ancient-egyptian-jewelry/ancient-egypt-accessories-jewelry-and-perfumes-122130/ September16,2015.web.

[Image]http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptclothing.html September16,2015.web.

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 ashleyg565

Writing & Education

Ashley Grubstein

What do scribes do?

(Official record keepers
(Administer laws
(Collect taxes
(Supervise government projects
(Travel with court to keep an official record of events

What skills are needed to be a scribe?

( Read and write hieroglyphs
- Took a while for students to master
- Used to write everything from contracts to joke
Also need to read and write heiratics

What was school like?

○ Just after sunrise to sunset

○ Teachers were Strict

○ Students treated harshly

○ if not willing to learn scolded and physically beaten

Before students got papyrus they got clay tablets
Only successful students got papyrus after many years
- Papyrus is plant reeds stuck together and flattened

What did scribes record?

○ Tax records

○ Records of grain and food supply to prevent starvation

○ Measured rise of Nile River

○ Traveled with military expeditions

Animal records

(images) http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/ramesses_hittite.html . September 16, 2015. Web.

(images) http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/tuthmosis_karnak.html . September 16, 2015. Web.

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Housing

September 17, 2015 Wiater Julia

Housing

By: Julia Wiater

Egypt Milk Jug

-Where do people live?
People live next to the Nile Valley
The government is also located there
Trade and business is located here too
People live very close to each other
The lower class houses are spaced between the upper class house

-How do you make mud bricks and use them?
All houses are made out of mud bricks
To make mud bricks you have to take Nile mud and dry it in the sun
Upper class houses still have mud bricks but they are painted
Most lower class houses have one story
Most upper class houses have two or more
Homes can be up to four stories tall
In upper class homes the layout is bigger than in lower class houses

-What is the differences between Upper and Lower class houses?
Lower class Egyptians had less furniture than the upper class
Lower class had a bed and a table and sat on the floor
Upper class Egyptians had beds, tables, stools, seats and more
Upper class would get things imported from different countries
They would get metal, ivory, and sometimes gold
Upper class also had pools and gardens
The houses are lit with candles they used linseed oil
People liked to go on roofs to cool off and also get away from streets
There layout of their house has the first room be open to the street
Then the second room have a supporting column
The third room would have a bed and a storage room
Houses contain ovens to cook there food
The kitchen is always located in the courtyard

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=4024

September 16, 2015. Web.

http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/large.aspx?img=images/NMI/1901606.JPG

September 16, 2015. Web.

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Medicine

September 17, 2015 hannahclairew174

Medicine

By: Hannah Claire Ward

How did Ancient Egyptians learn to be a doctors?

– After general doctor education school doctors went to special classes and schools

– They had a clear understanding of the organs and structure of the body and the pulse to determine if the patient was healthy

– They knew that the heart was an important piece of staying healthy and living – Doctors store medical records in medical libraries in temples

– Doctors are free to consult in ancient Egypt

Which different methods can you treat illness with?

– Combo of magic spells and sayings and medicine

– They used parts of herbs and plants such as garlic

– Had remedies for many things including tumors, eye problems and snake and animal bites.

– They only ever used surgery to relieve pressure on the brain.

– Before any surgery patients would take an alcoholic drink to reduce pain.

– Willow – Anacacia – Sycamore or mint leaves were bandages.

How did Doctors insure safe childbirth?

– During birth and pregnancy doctors relied on ancient magic spells to insure that the mom and the baby were safe and that the child was growing properly

– Gods were called upon to help the mom with prayers, charms and spells to protect disease and danger

– Doctors relied on the gods for their wisdom and prayers

Pictures: [Image] http://factfile.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Ancient-Egyptian-Medicine-Pic.jpg 9/16/15.Web.

[Image] http://www.pantryspa.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/garlicCloves.jpg 9/16/15. Web.

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Crafts And Trade

September 17, 2015 johnathanw

Crafts and Trade

Johnathan Wright

Q: What did the craftspeople do, and what training did they receive?

Made art for pharaohs, wealthy families, and temples.
Villagers can get the art for extra farm produce
Pictures are inspired by nature
Used simple tools to make it, materials being different stones and metals

Q: Where and when did the craftspeople go to school?

They are really young when they go to school
They often go to school with Royal kids at the pharaohs palace

Q: Where did the Egyptians trade?

Traded at cities and towns along the Nile
They traded gold, copper, linen, gemstones, and other materials.
Received Timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead. ( items they didn’t have much of)

Picture resources:

[Image} http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/trade/home.html. 9/16. Web

{Image} http://geo.msu.edu/extra/geogmich/iron.html . 9/16/15. Web

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Daily Life-Housing

September 17, 2015 ethanc751

Daily Life – Housing

Ethan Chou

How were houses made?

Mud bricks were made by molding and drying mud.
These bricks were stacked on top of each other to build houses.
Sometimes a pool would be dug.
Most houses had a miniature temple.
The front porch usually had a tarp for shade.
Poor people’s houses

These were usually small with few rooms.
They were very undecorated and had little furniture.
They were usually squeezed between the houses of rich people.
They were usually located in small villages and towns.
Rarely were they in the city.
Rich people’s houses

Very roomy and decorated.
Walls would sometimes be painted with colorful designs.
Pools were usually in these houses.
The houses had bathrooms, which were a luxury back then.
There would be lots of rooms, way more than lower-class Egyptians.
Furniture

Common furniture was pots, stools, tables, beds, chests, and lamps.
Upper- class Egyptians had a lot more furniture than poor people.
Most pieces were either made from wood or clay.
Potters made pots and carpenters made wood furniture.
The furniture of rich people was more decorated.

Citations

Rymer,Eric.Egyptian House Pictures.http://quatr.us/egypt/architecture/houses.htm.9/16/15.Web

(Image).http://historylink101.com/n/egypt_1/rf-k-egyptian-house.htm.9/16/15.Web

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Daily Life – Dogs

September 17, 2015 katie_gulledge

Daily Life – Topic Assigned

Katie Gulledge

Main Idea One

Detail One
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Detail Four

Main Idea Two

Detail One
Detail Two
Detail Three
Detail Four

Main Idea Three

Detail One
Detail Two
Detail Three
Detail Four

Main Idea Four

Detail One
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Detail Three
Detail Four

Citations:

(Image).www.cnn.com.9/15/15.Web.
(Image).www.bbc.com.9/15/15.Web.
Dog Treats Company.The Top Ten DogTreats.www.dog.com.9/17/15.Web.

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Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 estellam604

Burial Practices

Estella Monica

What did the Ancient Egyptians believe about the afterlife?

Your KA would go into the afterlife not the entire body
You lived your previous life while in the afterlife and once your previous life is over it continues new
same social class as in your previous life

What was included in the sacred process of preparing thebody?

Removed organs and put them in canopic jars
Hooked brain from the nostrils and pulled it out
Left the heart in for it was the center of the KA
They stitch the body back together once they had filled it with perfumes
Prevented the body from decaying by using oils and salts

Where were the bodies buried depending on the social class?

Lowest social classes [poor] would be buried in the ground wrapped in old rags and fabric
People who could afford a simple ceremony would bury them in plain wood boxes in a cave or desert
People of the highest class, other than the King, would be buried in mastaba with a ceremony less grand than the king’s
Kings would have an extremely large ceremony and be buried in large mastaba along with most of the constructors of their burial chamber
- This was so the constructors of the mastaba could not trade their information with grave diggers so they could steal the goods and treasures inside the kings or higher classes tomb

[Image] http://www.akhet.co.uk/cairo.htm 09-16-15 Web.

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Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 ashleighs687

Domestic Life

Ashleigh Smith- September 16 & 17, 2015

Why did they only marry people of their own social class?

Egyptians had a strong sense of family, married only people of their own social class
No formal or legal ceremonies for marriage
Divorce was possible; remarriage was possible

Why couldn’t women have their own social position? Why did they have to depend on their husband or father’s social status?

A woman’s social position depended on their father or husband’s social position
Women in upper class had very different lives from those in lower class
An upper class woman’s responsibilities were: raising children, overseeing servants, running the household; no manual work
Lower class woman’s responsibilities: raising children, running the household, cooking, cleaning, manual work (working in the fields), making clothes.

How were the woman’s rights different from others?

Women of all classes had certain individual rights
They could own or rent property and were entitled to an equal share in any inheritance left by a deceased father or husband
Women were equal to men in laws
They could go to court against someone and had the responsibility of answering to their own actions in court

Why did they marry at such a young age? What did they do to entertain themselves?

Married at young ages: 12 for girls and 14 for boys
Children that didn’t attend school participated in family activities
They played games such as leap frog, tug of war, and a popular board game called Senet
Adults also played Senet
Senet rules: Players battled against the forces of evil to try and reach the underworld kingdom of a god called Osiris
Children also played with balls, dolls and toy animals; boys would pretend to be soldiers and girls would play games involving dances
Many Egyptians died at young ages; usually before turning five
Kids would be accepted as full members of society when they reached puberty
(Image) https://www.google.com/search?q=senet+ancient+egyptian+paintings&biw=1670&bih=837&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIzZSViZL-xwIVAhc-Ch1Pdw9H#imgrc=Ip9r9xF1iWrQdM%3A September 16, 2015. Web.
(Image) https://www.google.com/search?q=court+in+ancient+egypt+paintings&biw=1670&bih=837&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIpJPVhJP-xwIVgkA-Ch3M0Af3#tbm=isch&q=tomb+paintings+of+ancient+egyptian+upper+class+families&imgrc=OOsrVKLYBPa0kM%3A September 16, 2015

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Adorning The Body

September 17, 2015 willb734

Will Brewer

Why did the Egyptians wear light and simple clothing?

Clothes made from linen
Linen created from fiber flax
Men dressed in length of cloth and a shirt around the waist
Women wore long skirts or sleeveless dresses sometimes topped by a shawl

What type of jewelry did the Egyptians wear?

Broad collars with strands of beads, pectorals (chest adornments), bracelets, armbands, rings, earrings, charms, amulets, and anklets.
Carnelian, lapis lazuli and turquoise were used to create very valuable jewelry

Why do the Egyptians care about their hair?

Dyed with Henna
Cut very short or shaved heads
Wealthy people owned elaborate wigs made from human hair
Tied cones of scented fat, or perfumed pomades to their wig and it would give off an attractive smell

Why would the Egyptians wear cosmetics?

Wore for fashion and protection from weather
Perfumed oils to soften skin
Colored eyes with a green substance from a soft stone called malachite
Outlined eyes with black kohl to protect their eyes from the sin and to make their eyes look larger, also helped protect wearers from diseases

[Image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/crowns/jewellery.htm.9/16/15.Web

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Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 Alex D

Alex Dietrich

Why did the Ancient Egyptians prepare they body in a certain way?

So their body did not decay

Created steps called embalming to stop decay
So their ka could enjoy the afterlife

What were the steps the Ancient Egyptians used to preserve a dead body?

First organs except heart removed by priest then placed in Canopic jar

-The organs were removed from a cut in the left abdomen

-A Canopic jar is taller than wide, with a carved head as the lid

brain removed from nostrils
body put in wood box and covered in natron, (salt)
dried over 40 days
washed in oil
wrapped in cloth, sometimes covered in momia a black slimy substance

What items did the Ancient Egyptians bury with the dead?

cloth type, poor-old clothes, middle-cloth, wealthy-good cloth
buried, poor, in ground,
middle, simple funeral in wood box in cave or sand,
rich, better celebration, coffin, in tombs,
Pharaohs, Grand Ceremony, coffin with sarcophagus around, in Mastabas or a little later pyramids and much later in time secret places so tomb robbers couldn’t find them, special boats built for journey to burial grounds.

-A sarcophagus is an outer shell for the coffin that is painted with designs

Items buried with, food, water, adornment, (jewelry), treasure (pharaohs), clothes, games

Images Sources:

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=139 . September 16 2015. Web.

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=3460 . September 16 2015. Web.

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Crafts and Trade

September 17, 2015 aanyas587

Crafts and Trade

Aanya Sachdeva

What crafts did the Egyptians make?

Were sandal makers, stone carvers, leather workers, metalworkers, sculptors, weavers, carpenters, jewelers potters and painters
Made jewelry, sculptures, statues, and highly finished furniture
Papyrus sandals, amulets, glass vases, wooden chests
Used gold, stone, bronze, glass, clay
Craftspeople usually made for pharaohs, temples, or wealthy

How long did it take to become a crafts men?

Were taught since they were very young
Often went to school at pharaoh’s palace with children of royalty
Higher craftspeople was, higher in social status
Craftspeople who worked for the royal and wealthy were paid well with foods and other goods
They lived and much better life than members of lower class

What other countries and empires did the ancient Egyptians trade with?

Traded with other countries and empires along the Nile River
Traded crafts and resources
Trade controlled by pharaoh
Traded grain, gold, copper, linen, gemstones, different minerals
Got things they needed- timber, iron. silver, tin, lead
No coin or currency only trading for other things

[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/nef_tomb_crafts.html. September 16, 2015. Web.

[Image] http://www.akhet.co.uk/kingstat.htm. September 17, 2015. Web.

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Housing

September 17, 2015 andrewl435

Housing

Andrew Lake

Where did people live in Ancient Egypt?

Most people lived in towns and villages
Lower-class people often between larger houses of wealthier families
Upper-class and nobles/government officials in larger cities
In the Nile valley

What were the houses made of?

Mud bricks
Nile mud in wooden molds left to dry in the sun
Upper-class houses were often plastered white

What were features in and around the houses?

Upper-class houses often had a tree shaded pool, flowers, bushes, tall walls, two stories, central courtyards, guest rooms at the front, kitchens at the back with servants quarters, toilets, rugs, and lamps.
Lower-class houses had a table, a bed, one story, one room, and sometimes floor mats.
Flat roofs for extra space
Doors facing north to capture the wind and circulate air

[Image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/house_nakht_papyrus.jpg. September 16^th, 2015. Web.

[Image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/breasted-house.gif. September 16^th, 2015. Web.

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Religious Beliefs

September 17, 2015 Renn

aswan temple

Renn Guard

Who were the most recognized gods?

Osiris god of the underworld.
Thoth was the god of writing and knowledge-had the head of an ibis.
Horus god of the sky-had the head of a falcon.
Anubis had the head of a jackal- mummification and the afterlife.
Hathor- was one of the most important, she was goddess of joy and motherhood
Bes a dwarf with a tail, ears and beard of a lion was loved because he brought joy and protected the house.
Ra sun god

What did the Egyptians do in the temples?

Temples were the earthly home of gods and goddess.
The temples looked more like palaces because the “holy” statue of god lived there.
Only in special occasions were commoners allowed in the inner court yard of the temple.
During these special occasions the statue of the god or goddess was carried to the most sacred place of the temple.
There were however smaller places where the commoners could pray to the gods.

Creation story

Most people thought that the world began with just water
Then when the Nile flooded the first part of earth appeared
People in Hermopolis believed that Thoth called four frog and snakes who made an egg and the sun came out of it.
Memphis the god Ptah who had all the other gods in him and just with his thought created the world.

Images

http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/religion/isis_suckling_horus_xxvi.jpg

http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/egypt/aswan/temple2.jpg

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 alliec203

Writing and Education

Allie Chandler

What were the variety of functions that scribes fulfilled in ancient Egyptian society?

Egypt’s official record keepers
collecting taxes
administered laws
Supervised government projects
Helped keep official records of events
Scribes considered upper class

2. How were scribes educated?

By priests
Learned the reading and writing of hieroglyphs
Many learned simpler hieratic script
Later, hieratic script evolved into simpler demotic script
Used ink palette and brushes made from reeds

3. Why was school life for students not easy?

school day very long
Schoolmasters very strict
Schoolmasters often treated students harshly
spent many years doing same thing (copying hieroglyphic signs)
750 different hieroglyphs

4. What did students do once they successfully completed their training?

Work alongside experienced scribes to learn more about record keeping
Measured the rise of the Nile river
Kept records of grain and food supply
Kept census
Traveled throughout cities and villages to keep track of tax records [image]http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=743 September 16, 2015.web[image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=4273 September 16, 2015.web

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Warfare in Ancient Egypt

September 17, 2015 janes792

Warfare

Jane Sihm

Notes from Placard :

Questions from Topic Sentences:

How does the military play an important role in Ancient Egypt?

The military protects the people in Ancient Egypt.
Have an army of full time soldiers.
During wartime, mercenaries (paid soldiers from foreign lands) were paid to be part of the army.
1/10 of the workers in the temples were sent to fight during wartimes.
The soldiers were divided up into groups, companies, and divisions.
200 foot soldiers = Company (A Captain led each company)
5000 men = division (A General or Lieutenant General led each division)
Each division marched under a banner featuring their local god.

What weapons did the Egyptians soldiers use in battle?

The infantry (foot soldiers) used javelins, daggers, and short, curved, swords called Khopesh in battle.
The infantry typical armor includes shields of rawhide and padded head caps. Some soldiers had bronze armor instead.
Two soldiers could be on a chariot, a driver and an archer.
Driver had a leather or bronze helmet and leather or bronze body armor and the archer was armed with a bow and arrow and javelins also with armor.
The Driver drives the chariot and the archer shoots arrows from a moving platform.

What jobs did the soldiers do when they weren’t at war?

They dug irrigation canals
Carry stone from the desert to build a pharaoh’s tomb
Did lots of manual labor

[Image] http://www.britishmuseum.org/images/an20721_l.jpg. 9/16/15. Web.

[Image] http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/weapons10.jpg. 9/16/15. Web.

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Food and Drink

September 17, 2015 Dina

food and drink

Dina Etkin

What is a farmer’s job/life like?

Sow fields in November, just after flooding stopped which was usually done in pairs
One of them would go ahead and scatter seed everywhere, while the other came behind with cattle drawing a plow
Crops harvested in summer using a wooden sickle (metal blades with short wooden handles)
After that donkeys were used to transport the crop to the granaries (where food is stored) or to the market place
What food did they plant and what food/drink did they make?

Two most important crops are wheat & barley which were used for bread and beer, two of the most common food items
Also grew vegies such as onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers and lettuce
For meat they raised and hunted geese, duck, cranes and other wildfowl
Cows provided milk which was drank or made into cheese
They also drank wine which was made from grapes grown along the nile valley delta
How much food do you get to eat?

Lower class ate simple upper class had choice of wide selection of meals
Laborer’s meal: fish, bread and water or beer
Wealthy person: fish, pigeon stew, kidneys, quail, ribs of beef, small round cakes, some cherry like fruit, stewed figs, cheese, and wine and beer to drink

Image sources

[image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/farming_deir_tombs2.html sept.-15
[image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/food.htm sept.-15

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 rohanp827

Writing and Education

Rohan Phadke

What functions did scribes fulfill?

Scribes kept records for Ancient Egypt
They would travel along with court members to record events
Would collect tax from
Scribes would be in charge of laws

How were scribes educated?

Priests taught the scribal students
Curriculum featured learning to read and write hieroglyphics
They used a reed pens to write on broken pieces of pottery
Only after they mastered writing on broken pottery, they could write on tablets and then papyrus
Many scribal students were taught a much simpler system called hieratic script
Scribes were taught to use hieratic script on daily basis for everyday tasks

Why was school life not easy for scribal student?

School days were long and sometimes went on from sunrise to sunset
Strict schoolmaster who treated students harshly
Students who did not want to learn were harshly punished and even physically beaten
Students learning to be scribes spent almost 4 years out of seven years of school learning to write the 700 hieroglyphic signs
What would scribal students learn when they accompanied more experienced scribes?

Would learn to keep track of tax records
Learned to record the rise of the Nile River
They would be taught to track the supply of grain and food supply to ensure that there would not be a shortage of food.

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=80. September 16, 2015. Web.

[Image] http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=4576. September 16, 2015. Web.

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Adorning the Body

September 17, 2015 sarahz605

Sarah Zhao

What kind of simple and light clothing did the Ancient Egyptians wear?

-clothing made from linen, a soft cloth, created from a plant fiber called flax

-men wore piece of cloth wrapped around waist, and a plain shirt

-women wore long skirts or dresses sometimes topped with square pieces of fabric used as shawls.

-wealthy Egyptians; same style, better fabric- dyed

How did the Ancient Egyptians use jewelry?

-men and women, rich and poor used jewelry

-magical and decorative purposes

-worn as amulets (charms) to protect the wearer from harm

-earrings, broad collars with strands of beads, pectorals, bracelets, rings, armbands and anklets

In what ways did the Ancient Egyptians pay great attention to their hair?

-dyed hair using henna (red dye from powdered plant leaves)

-cut hair very short/shaved heads completely

-wealthy people had elaborate wigs made from human hair

-tied cones of scented animal fat (perfumed pomades) to wigs; fat would melt down wig giving off attractive scent

-children shaved heads except for some hair for braids(s)

How did Ancient Egyptians adorn themselves with cosmetics?

-for fashion and protection from weather

-perfumed oils to soften skin to prevent burning and cracking in hot climate

-colored eyelids with green substance made from soft stone, malachite

-outlined eyes using black kohl (substance of lead ore mixed with water) to make eyes look larger and protect eyes from sun

-some had antibacterial properties, also helped prevent wearers from catching diseases

Citations:

http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/loincloth.jpg

http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/crowns/fingerrings.jpg

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Food and Drink

September 17, 2015 kylerc210

Food and Drink

Kyler Chen

How did they sow and harvest?

They sowed in November after the flooding of the Nile
One person was behind a cattle pulling a plow
Other person was in front, scattering wheat and barley seed
Usually the whole family harvested
Used wooden sickles to harvest
Afterwards, donkeys brought crops to granaries or marketplaces

What did the Egyptians harvest and kill for food?

Crops-Wheat, barley, onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumbers, lettuce
Meat- cattle, geese, ducks, cranes, other wildfowl, cows/milk/cheese, pork (which was forbidden to be eaten), fish, grapes
Wheat and barley was made into beer and bread, grapes were made into wine

How were the Lower Class foods and the Upper Class foods different?

Lower Class people ate simpler meals-
Vegetables, fish, bread, water, and beer
Upper Class people had more to choose from-
Fish, pigeon stew, kidneys, quail, ribs of beef, bread rolls, small round cakes, cherry-like fruit, stewed figs, cheese, and for drink, wine or beer.

[Image]http://www.ancienthistorylists.com/egypt-history/top-10-popular-ancient-egyptian-food/ .9/16/15.Web.

[Image]http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egcgeo3e.shtml.9/16/15/Web.

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WC Medicine Paper

September 17, 2015 jacquelinej330

Medicine

By Jacqueline Johnson

How are doctors trained?

Trained at special schools after completing general education
Learned about symptoms of many illnesses, how to diagnose and treat them
Egyptians have practiced medicine for hundreds of years
Doctors had a clear understanding of organs and structure of body
Knew importance of heart, thought it speaks through back of head and hands
They used the body’s pulse rate to determine health

What combinations of magic and medicine did Egyptians use?

Illness caused by worms to form inside the body
Believed magic, medicine, or a combination drove worms out, cured patient
Doctors had treatments for many illnesses
Magicians were used to cast magic spells when other treatments did not work
Doctors could treat eye problems, tumors, snake bites, and many other things
They used plants and herbs such as garlic in their treatments
Doctors treated injuries with bandages and stitches,
Doctors never performed surgery

What kind of magic did ancient Egyptians rely on during childbirth?

In all areas relating to childbirth, Ancient Egyptians relied more on magic and help from gods then medicine
Gods helped women conceive and bear children safely
Prayers, charms, and spells used to protect mother during pregnancy and childbirth, and protect babies against childhood diseases/ dangers
Mothers carry babies around in pouch slung from shoulders
Mothers had babies at special birth building or house

Image Resources

(Image) http://www.aldokkan.com/science/herbs-chinese.jpg Sep 16, 2015 Web

(Image) http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/newkingdom/resources.html Sep 16, 2015 Web

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Food and Drink

September 17, 2015 gabriellac770

Food and Drink

Gabriella Cicuto

How do ancient Egyptians farm?

In November after the Nile subsided they would Sow farm
Done in pairs
Scattered wheat or barely seed
Other is behind with cattle drawing a plow
Crops harvested in summer used wooden sickles
Farmers whole family helps

How did ancient Egyptians get their food?

many different crops
Most important crops: wheat and barley
Also grew veggies onions, radishes, peas, beans, cucumber, and lettuce
Meat grew cattle: hunted geese, ducks, cranes, and other wildfowl
Cows = milk plus cheese and the drink
Barley made into bear

What do lower class Egyptians and upper class Egyptians eat?

Lower class people had simple meals
Upper class had a choice of food
Example lower class: veggies, fish, bread, water or bear
Example upper class: fish, pigeon stew, kidneys, quail, rib of beef, bread rolls, small round cakes, cherry like fruit, stewed figs, cheese, wine, bear

[Image].http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/farming_deir_tombs2.html.9/16/15.Web.

[Image] http://www.123rf.com/photo_7506375_spikes-and-grains-of-barley.html.9/16/15.Web.

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Social Class

September 17, 2015 dylanh683

Social Classes

Dylan Horwin

1.How people were born into a class

They were raised to work in that class
Upper class is different than lower class
Upper class was more lavish and rich than Lower class

What did the Pharaoh give to the people

He gave land to loyal nobles
He was the most powerful person in Egyptian society
The Pharaoh had complete power over people, and all the land
The Pharaoh was in charge of the sun setting and rising of sun
The Pharaoh was in charge of the annual flooding of Nile river

What would Scribes write down

They wrote how much taxes the king got
Keep track of statistics in the kingdom
Help the king trade or give land

Artist were skill workers what would they make

Artist made furniture, jewelry and cloth
He made all of this for the Pharaoh and citizens to buy for money
There was other artist who built different things

What would labors do when they couldn’t harvest to JuneOctober

They would build government building’s like irrigation systems, and temples
Then the flood season came and the labors plant and make wheat

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Religious Beliefs

September 17, 2015 Vinith Upadhya

Religious Beliefs

Vinith Upadhya

Why did the Ancient Egyptians believe in and worship many Gods?

Gods created, ruled world
Each served a different purpose
Some more important than others-Osiris (God of underworld [home of dead])

What Egyptian gods had the body of a human and the head of an animal?

Anubis, jackal head-God of necropolis (place where Egyptians believed bodies of dead were prepared for afterlife)
Thoth, ibis head-God of writing, knowledge
Horus, falcon head-Sky God

Why could only priests and priestesses enter the temple?

Egyptians believed temples were homes of the gods
Temples resembled palaces because statue of God lived there.
When statues were in temple, priest and priestesses carried out certain rituals to honor them
On important festivals, statue taken through outside courtyard to sacred part of temple, ordinary Egyptians watching from edges of courtyard can see it.
Smaller structures built outside temple for common people to worship

What did Commoners pay homage to Gods and Goddesses for?

Most people had small area in home
Made offerings to God for protection
Sometimes asked for children as well as keeping away bad/dead spirits

Image Sources:

[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/akenhaten_temple.html September 16, 2015.Web

[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/ram_nef_abusimpel.html September 16, 2015.Web

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Medicine

September 17, 2015 clairek748

Medicine

Claire Kim

egypthealing102 How many years have they been studying and how did they learn different types of diseases?

Practiced medicine for hundreds of years called House of Life
Wrote about the importance of the heart and how it “speaks out” through the back of the head and hands- reference to the pulse beat
Went to special school, learned many different symptoms and disease and how to treat and cure
Highest level doctors were called wabau
Used excision ( to remove tumors), not much as in a modern surgery

What did they use in a combination of magic and medicine? What are some disease they confronted?

Prescription of many for many illness
Believed magic spells, medicine, or a combination of both treatment for many illness, such as eye problems, tumors, and snake bites
Tumors are a swelling of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant
Used magic to ward off injures from crocodiles or the ghosts of the dead

How did ancient Egyptians doctors affect pregnancy?

Prayers, charms, and spells were used to protect a mother during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as to protect babies against childhood diseases and dangers.
Many entries are devoted to fertility and pregnancy tests
Relied more on magic than medicine

Sources: [Image]. http://itthing.com/wpcontent/uploads/Writing_instruments_OF_ANCIENT_EGYPT.jpg.9/16/15.web

[Image]. http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptmedicine.html.9/16/15.web

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Domestic Life

September 17, 2015 lilyf607

Domestic Life

Lily Finkelstein

What does being married mean for most ancient Egyptians

Married were 12-14 years old
Never had a formal or religious ceremony
A marriage was when a man and a women had a household
Working persons house was about 14 by 40 feet
You could get divorced and divorced people could get married again.

2.What is a woman’s social position?

First fathers social status
Latter when married husbands social status
Upper class is a lot different than lower classes.
Luxury and comfort show a rich man’s country house and townhouse.

Were Women treated as well as men?

Women from different classes were treated differently depending on different classes.
Women could own property and were entitled to share equal in any inheritance left by a decreases people
Each village and town of any size had a court called a kenbet. There were know attorneys so everyone had to speak for them self.
Women were equal to men in the eyes of the law.

What did kids do

Children who didn’t go to school could take part in daily family activities.
Children played leap frog, tug-a-war, and a board game called senet.
Senet is a board game which adults and kids play, you would battle against the forces of evil to try to reach the underworld kingdom of a God called Osiris.
Lot of kids died at 5 years old.

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 williamc518

Writing and Education

William Coley

Two forms of writing

What variety of functions did scribes fulfill in ancient Egyptian society?

Administer laws, taxes, supervise government project and were paid well

Why was the most important part of the school curriculum reading and writing hieroglyphs and hieratic?

Hieratic used for anything except religious books and scrolls in which hieroglyphics were used.

How was school life hard for students?

Strict and long.

Be hurt some if bad work.

What would successful do after their completed training?

Would get advice record keep and do jobs for government

What did scribe write on?

Scribes wrote on stone tablets for the first 4 years and after that they would write on papyrus scrolls.

[Image]http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/

hieroglyphs/introduction.html.September16.Web.

[Image]http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=4273.September16.Web.

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Adorning The Body

September 17, 2015 cyr670

Adorning the Body

Cy Reading

What were Ancient Egyptians clothes made of?

Their clothes were made of a soft cloth called linen, which weavers made from plant fiber called flax.

Wealthy Egyptian people dyed their clothes with special dyes to make them look gold or yellow.

Why did Ancient Egyptians wear jewelry?

Their jewelry was worn as amulets or charms and was believed to protect the person who was wearing it from harm.
They used gold and precious stones such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, and turquoise to create very special and expensive pieces.

What did Ancient Egyptians do with their hair?

They died their hair with henna which was a red dye made from powdered plant leaves.

Some Ancient Egyptians cut their hair very short or shaved completely while richer people could afford elaborate wigs from human hair
More wealthy people tied cones of perfumed animal to make their wigs smell good.

What kinds of cosmetics did Ancient Egyptians use?

Ancient Egyptians used perfumed oils to soften their skin as well as keep it from burning and cracking in the desert.
They colored their eyelids with a green substance which was made from a soft stone called malachite.
They also outlined their eyes with black kohl, which was lead mixed with water.

Image Sources

[Image] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flax(9-16-2015).Web.

[Image}https://www.rom.on.ca/en/blog/amarna-artifacts-in-the-roms-ancient-egypt-collection(9-16-2015).Web.

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Adorning the Body

September 17, 2015 foluo047

Adorning the Body

Folu Ogundipe

What type of clothes did rich and poor Egyptians wear?

Poor, light and simple, soft cloth with linen from flax,

Poor men, long cloth wrapped around waist, plain shirt on top,

Poor women, long skirts, sleeveless dresses sometimes topped with square cloth as shawl,

Rich, same thing, better fabric,

Children wore no clothes, children wore long braid called “the lock of youth”, When children got older wore same as parents, Wore linen because the plant grew well in Egypt

Why did Egyptians wear jewelry?

Decorative and magical, Sometimes amulets believed to protect from harm,

Gold and kind precious stones created valuable pieces

Gold belonged to pharaoh so it was given or stolen

What hair did Egyptians wear ?

Some people dyed hair with henna, a red dye, Cut hair or shaved heads completely , Wealthy people had wigs made from human hair, Also tied cones of scented animal fat which melted and slid down giving off good smell

What type of cosmetics did Egyptians wear?

Men and women did cosmetics for fashion and weather protection, Used perfumed oils to keep skin from burning and cracking in desert, Colored eyelids with green substance made from soft stone named malachite, Outlined eyes with black kohl which is lead ore mixed with water, makes eyes look larger, protected from sun, protected from disease

Images:

[Image}http://www.motherearthliving.com/gardening/flax-growing-and-processing.aspx.Sept. 11, 2015.web; [Image]http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/clothing.html. Sept. 11,2015.web

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Writing and Education

September 17, 2015 aaravg417

Writing and Education

Aarav Gupta

What functions did scribes fulfill in the Ancient Egyptian society?

Egypt’s official record keepers
Performed various governmental and religious rituals
Administered laws
Collected taxes
Traveled with court members to keep an official record of events

How were the writing systems used in Egypt?

Only men became scribes but women learned to read and write
Most important part of the scribe school curriculum was reading and writing of
hieroglyphs
Egyptians used hieroglyphs to record laws, business contracts, songs, jokes, and tales
It took Years to master hieroglyphics
Many students learned a simpler cursive writing system called hieratic script used for everyday tasks like record keeping

ca. 1490-1436 B.C. --- Hieratic script from the Tomb of Thutmose III. The tomb is located in the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt and dates from the Eighteenth Dynasty. | Located in: Tomb of Thutmose III. --- Image by © Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis — ca. 1490-1436 B.C. — Hieratic script from the Tomb of Thutmose III. The tomb is located in the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt and dates from the Eighteenth Dynasty. | Located in: Tomb of Thutmose III. — Image by © Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis

What was the school like for scribes?

School day sometimes lasted from dawn to dusk
Schoolmasters treated students harshly and if they weren’t willing to learn, they were scolded and physically beaten
Four years copying hieroglyphs on a slate to be trusted with writing on papyrus. [Papyrus is a plant that Egyptians turned into their version of paper]

What happened to scribes once they finished their training?

They worked alongside experienced scribes to learn about record keeping
Kept track of tax records in cities and villages
Kept track of food and grain supply in cities and villages and to help prevent a famine
Kept census, measured rise of Nile with Nileometers, traveled with military expeditions. [A Nileometer is a set of stairs, a pillar, or a well that marks the height of the water]

Picture Sources

[Image]http://www.euratlas.com/Atlas/egypt_nile/aswan_nilometer.html.September 16, 2015.Web.
[Image] http://www.corbisimages.com/images/Corbis-IH020076.jpg?size=67&uid=72c74a00-0f52-4fe8-adf3-19b9fc11fdc1.September 16, 2015.Web.

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Burial Practices

September 17, 2015 Sebastian

Sebastian Polge

Did Ancient Egyptians believe in the afterlife?

Ancient Egyptians believed in the afterlife
Believed their soul couldn’t enjoy the afterlife unless the body was prepared right.
The body could not decay or
The ancient egyptians developed process of embalming

How did you embalm a dead body?

Removed organs and placed them in a canopic jar.
Removed brain through nostrils
They hooked it and pulled the brain through the nose
Put body in box and put natron on it
After 40 days, washed, oiled and wrapped the body in serval yards of fabric
Then they spread momia on the body. momia is a black gooey substance.

How did you bury a dead body?

Buried dead with items to use in afterlife. The reason ancient Egyptians buried the body with items is because they believed that the Ka could use these items in the afterlife. A Ka is the spirit of a dead person.
They buried the dead with food, drink, gold, jewelry, or everyday items
Burial ceremonies differed from rich to poor
Poor did not get embalmed
Most poor wrapped in discarded clothing and put in ground
Some people had a small ceremony if affordable
Pharaohs had grandest funerals
Priests lay body in a coffin, which was put in a sarcophagus. A sarcophagus is a large stone container.
Workers built special boats to pharaoh to secret burial site. The grave site was secret so grave robbers could not rob the pyramid.
Some Pharaohs were buried in pyramids in early times. The reason only some pharaohs were buried in pyramids is because too many grave robbers were breaking into them and stealing the gold and jewels.

[Image] http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/virtual_library/ramesses_mummy.html.9/16/15.web.

[Image] https://tse3.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.M1aa8346db8a0f16a4de512ed06b4f4e1H0&w=65&h=65.9/16/15.web

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burial practices

September 17, 2015 eddieb761

Why did the ka have to be made a certain way?

They thought that it had to be made certain way or else the ka could not live its after life.
It needed all the normal things it needed in its life on earth.

How did the priests conserve the body?

They put organs in the Canopic Jar except for the heart. They took the brain out through the nostrils of the nose.
Then they put the body in a wood box and covered it in salt.
Then after 40 days the priests put the body in oils and washed it off.
Then they put several hundred yards of fabric on the body
Last the oils put on earlier turn into a black substance similar to tar as it gets old and preserves the body. This is where the word mummy comes from.

What things were mummies buried with?

Mummies were buried with all the things they need in their afterlife.
They were buried with foods that they would need to eat.
They were buried with their clothes that they wear.
They were buried with riches that they had and games to keep them entertained in their afterlife.
They were also buried with some of their servants that would be killed just to be with their master.

Images

[image] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/15/mummy-genetics-genome-map-genes-ancient-egyptians_n_3084014.html 9-16-2015 [Web]

Image http://australianmuseum.net.au/image/ancient-egyptian-mummy-e73942 9-16-2015 [Web]

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